1. Photosynthesis & Respiration
Introduction to Energy

2. Biochemistry
Why do we have to learn about chemistry in biology class?!
Because ALL living things are made of cells, which are made of non-living chemicals (molecules)… INCLUDING YOU!
Example: Calcium in bones, Iron in blood, Water in cells, Oxygen in lungs, Fluorine in your teeth… etc. (22 total)
CHNOPS! You’ll see this later in the notes.

3. Cells Energy ATP – Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
Cell’s or the body’s energy molecule
There is an energy requirement in living systems
ATP is called Energy Currency
We need ATP for EVERYTHING

4. Animal Cells We make energy using our Mitochondria
Mitochondria make energy though cellular energy conversion in cycles
Cellular Respiration
The release of energy takes place through the breakdown of food molecules

5. Cellular Respiration
Uses the glucose we eat and the glucose plants make, plus oxygen we breath to create up to 38 molecules of ATP – as well as the water and carbon dioxide we breath out.

6. Cellular Respiration Broken into three main parts
Glycolysis: Sugar splitting phase (glucose is the sugar)
Kreb’s Cycle (a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose
Electron Transport Chain: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
In total, 34 – 38 ATP is made!

7. Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Reactants are on the left of the arrow:
Glucose
Oxygen
Products are on the right of the arrow:
Carbon Dioxide
Water
ATP

8. What does this equation mean?!
If the equation for Carbon Dioxide is CO2, that means there is:
1 Carbon molecule (nothing in front of or behind the molecule means 1)
2 Oxygen molecules
Carbon and Oxygen are joined together into a compound. Since there is not a number in front of the CO2 that means there is only 1 carbon dioxide compound.
What does the chemical formula for water mean? H2O

9. Types of Cellular Respiration
Two types of cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration – Requires Oxygen, produces more ATP
Anaerobic Respiration – Does NOT require Oxygen, makes less ATP

10. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of all the food you eat and all the oxygen you breathe
The process in which plants make their own food (glucose) and oxygen is a byproduct
Takes place in plant cells and other photosynthesizing organisms
Specific Location: Chloroplast
Needs sun and the pigment chlorophyll

11. Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants are on the left of the arrow:
Carbon Dioxide
Water
ATP
Chlorophyll
Products are on the right of the arrow:
Glucose
Oxygen

12. Cycles Why do plants and animals need each other?! They are a cycle
What would happen to plants if all animals died (and vice versa?)