1. What are the functions of the major cell structures?
Focus Question
What are the functions of the major cell structures?

2. Review: Cell Theory All organisms consist of 1 or more cells.
Cell is the smallest unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

3. Types of Cells Cells Eukaryotic Cells (have a nucleus)
Prokaryotic Cells
(lack a nucleus)
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Bacteria

4. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated than prokaryotes
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells

5. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm 5

6. Structure: Cell membrane Function:
School Analogy – Walls Surrounding Rooms
Structure:
Cell membrane
Function:
lipid and protein barrier around cytoplasm
Thin, flexible 6

7. Structure: Nucleus Function Store the cell’s chromosomes (DNA)
Control center
School Analogy – Main Office
Nuclear pores 7

8. Structure: Nucleolus inside nucleus Function:
School Analogy – Secretary Next To Principal
Structure: Nucleolus
inside nucleus
Function:
make ribosomes for the cell 8

9. Structure: Mitochondrion (In the cytoplasm, double membrane)
Function:
makes the cell’s energy
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has
F: convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP (energy)
School Analogy – Electrical Room 9

10. Structure: Ribosomes (made of RNA, free-floating or attached to ER)
Function:
build proteins from amino acids in cytoplasm
Ribosomes
School Analogy – Kitchen in Cafeteria 10

11. Endoplasmic reticulum
Structure:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Function:
Where lipids for cell membrane made
Site of protein production
School Analogy – Cafeteria 11

12. Structure: Golgi Apparatus Function:
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
School Analogy – Mailroom 12

13. Structure: Lysosomes Function:
(Small filled with enzymes)
Function:
Digest worn-out organelles and extra cell parts (C,L,P)
Plays a role in cell death
School Analogy – Garbage Dump Area 13

14. Structure: Centrioles (pair of bundled tubes)
Function:
organize cell division
School Analogy – Curtain Separating Gyms 14

15. Structure: Cytoskeleton
(made of microtubules, found throughout cytoplasm)
Function:
gives shape to cell & moves organelles around inside.
School Analogy- Pillars 15

16. How are plant and animal cells different?16

17. Structures found in plant cells
Cell wall
(very strong, made of cellulose)
Function:
protects cell from rupturing
“glued” to other cells next door
School Analogy- Brick outside of school 17

18. Structure: Vacuole Function: keeps cell pressurized
School Analogy – Major storage rooms
Structure:
Vacuole
(huge water-filled sac)
Function:
keeps cell pressurized
store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. 18

19. Structure: Chloroplasts Function: Carry out photosynthesis
School Analogy - Windows
Structure:
Chloroplasts
(filled with chlorophyll)
Function:
Carry out photosynthesis 19

20. Structure Animal cells Plant cells cell membrane Yes yes nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton 20