1. Cellular Structure
Biology
Mr. Foster

2. Write what is underlined

3. Components of Cells Nucleus- 2. Outer Boundary-
3. Cytoplasm / Organelles- cellular contents and specialized structures that carry out functions of the cell

4. Nucleus Prokaryote- cell w/o nucleus Eukaryote- cell with nucleus
(DNA in neucleoid)
Eukaryote- cell with nucleus
Functions
Contains genetic inform.
Control Center- directs all cellular activity

5. Nucleus (cont.) Structure / Components-
Nuclear envelope- regulate what enters and leaves nucleus (Nuclear pores)
Nucleolus- makes ribosomes
Genetic Material- DNA
Chromatin – DNA uncoiled, threadlike, Not Divisional
Chromosomes –DNA is condensed, Divisional
Clicker ?’s 1-4

6. Outer Boundary Cell membrane- selective boundary
All cells have a cell membrane
Cell wall –
give plant and bacteria cells
structure

7. Cell Membrane (cont.) Structure- Fluid Mosaic Model Clicker ?’s 5 & 6
Phospholipids
Phospholipid bilayer
forms membrane
Phosphate- likes H2O (hydrophilic)
Lipid- does not like H2O (hydrophobic)
Clicker ?’s 5 & 6

8. Cell Membrane (cont.) Structure provided to membrane by…
4. Cytoskeleton – supports the membrane
a. microfilaments - strength, anchor cells
b. microtubules – movement

9. Cytoskeleton
Clicker ?’s 7-9

10. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm – space between nucleus and cell membrane
Cytosol – semitransparent; jellylike substance that surrounds organelles

11. Organelles- “little organ”
Endoplasmic Reticulum-
Transports materials through inside of cell
Modifies proteins and quality control center
Types of ER
Rough ER
Has ribosome attached
Proteins to be sent outside cell
Smooth ER
No ribosomes
Make lipids, detox cell
Smooth or Rough?

12. Organelles (cont.)
Ribosome-
Synthesize proteins
Free vs. attached

13. Organelles (cont.) Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell ATP
Cellular respiration
Own DNA
Endosymbiont Theory
Free living organism that
entered a relationship w/
Nucleated cells
Inherited from mother only
Folds increase surface
area

14. Organelles (cont.) Lysosomes
Membrane bounded sacs that contain enzymes
Clean up cell
Lysosomal Storage disease
(Tay Sachs)- missing the
enzyme that breaks down the
lipid that surrounds the nerve
cell
Buries the nervous system

16. Organelles (cont.) Centrioles Function in cell division
Organize spindle fibers

17. Organelles (cont.) Clicker ? 10-16 What is this?
Golgi Apparatus - (Golgi bodies) modifies, sorts, and ships proteins in packages called vesicles.

18. Plant Cells Contain Some Structures That Animal Cells Lack
Plant cells have three additional structures that are not found in animal cells.
A cell wall
Several chloroplasts
Central vacuole
These three structures are shown in the plant cell to the right.

19. Cell Transport
Passive – energy not required to move material across membrane
Diffusion – molecules move from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

20. Cell Transport Passive Transport (cont)-
Osmosis – type of diffusion involving H2O molecules only

21. Cell Transport (cont.)
Active – Energy required to move materials across membrane
Low to High concentration
Ion pumps/Channels- Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca+
Endocytosis / Exocytosis – membrane forms pockets to move material

22. Endocytosis / Exocytosis
Clicker ?’s 17-20