1. FUNGI WORLD

2. FUNGI vs PLANTS Nutritional mode Structural organization Growth
Reproduction

3. FUNGI EUKARYOTIC Heterotrophic: most are multicellular CW: CHITIN
saprobes
parasites
symbiotic
Decomposers
most are multicellular
CW: CHITIN

4. CHITIN

5. extracellular digestion
secrete enzymes
STRUCTURES:
hyphae
cell wall made of chitin
septa/cross walls
incomplete or perforated
Mycelium

6. reproduce asexually reproduce sexually spores hyphae fragmentation
spores (sporangiophores)
Hyphae (- and +)

9. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ↑ genetic diversity Spores and hyphae SYNGAMY
Plamogamy
karyogamy

10. LIFE CYCLE

12. CLASSIFICATION BASED on: PHYLUM Oomycota(FUNGUS-LIKE)
modes of reproduction
basic structure
PHYLUM Oomycota(FUNGUS-LIKE)
PHYLUM Zygomycota
PHYLUM Ascomycota
PHYLUM Basidiomycota
PHYLUM Deuteromycota

13. Phylum Oomycota oomycetes/water molds and downy mildews
finely branched
single-celled filaments

14. cell wall not chitin
protist-like fungi
diploid stage is dominant
Coenocytic/ aseptate

15. LIFE CYCLE OF OOMYCOTA

16. LIFE CYLCE of Saprolegnia sp.

17. e.g. water molds (saprobes or parasites of fish)

19. downy mildews (plant parasites – potato blight)

20. Oogonia

21. Phylum Ascomycota ascomycetes/sac fungi
largest group of fungi (30,000 spp.)
produces two kinds of spores:
sexual spores  ascospores (inside the ascus)
asexual spores  conidia (naked)

23. conidia
ASCUS

24. some pathogens of plants (Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, ergot)
STRUCTURES:
asci
ascocarp
hyphae septate
multinucleate (perforated)
most saprobic
some pathogens of plants (Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight, ergot)

25. ASCUS

26. e.g. yeasts (unicellular) cup fungi
powdery mildews
blue and green molds
Ophiostoma ulmi (causes Dutch elm disease)
Microsphaera (powdery mildew)

28. MORELS
truffles
Tubifer melanosporum

29. LIFE CYCLE OF ASCOMYCOTA

30. Peziza sp.

31. Peziza vesiculosa

32. Phylum Basidiomycota basidiomycetes/club fungi 25,000 spp.
sexual reproduction  basidiospores formed on club-shaped basidia

33. some produce asexual spores  conidia
hyphae septate
fruiting body  basidiocarp
diverse in shape/structure
e.g. mushrooms

34. EXAMPLES
Toadstools
puffballs

35. bracket fungi/shelf fungi (Ganoderma)
coral fungi (Clavulina)

36. earthstar (Geastrum)
stinkhorns
rusts (parasites of wheat, barley, oats & other crop plants)
smuts (attack corn, wheat, oats, barley and rye)

37. Structure of a mushroom
stalk and cap
annulus
gills

39. LIFE CYCLE OF BASIDIOMYCOTA
Secondary
Primary mycelia

40. Phylum Zygomycota Zygomycetes /conjugation fungi zygosporangia
1,050 spp.
Saprobic
Parasitic
many are important symbionts of vascular plants

41. asexual reproduction: spore formation sexual reproduction: conjugation
hyphae aseptate
asexual reproduction: spore formation
sexual reproduction: conjugation
(+/- mating strains)
zygospore
e.g. molds:Rhizopus (black bread mold)

42. LIFE CYCLE

43. STRUCTURE
Rhizoids
Stolons
Sporangiophores
spores

44. LIFE CYCLE OF Rhizopus stolonifer

46. Pilobus sp.

48. Phylum Deuteromycota imperfect fungi sexual reproductive phase
e.g. Penicillium (produces the antibiotic penicillin)
ringworm
athletes foot

49. Penicillium sp.