1. Warm Up! What are bacteria?
What are some illnesses caused by bacteria?

2. Bacteria

3. Imagine… If one cell from your body was the size of a baseball park, how big would the bacteria be?
The pitcher’s mound!

4. Characteristics Multiple shapes: rod, sphere, or spiral Prokaryote =
Single cells
Multiple shapes: rod, sphere, or spiral
Prokaryote =
No nucleus

5. Survive at extreme temperatures (boiling to freezing).
“Eat” everything from sugar to chemicals.

6. How is this different from our cells?

7. Bacteria Structure 1. NO nucleus & NO membrane bound organelles
2. Have CELL MEMBRANE
3. DNA in chromosomes
4. Have Ribosomes
5. Have a CELL WALL
6. CAPSULE around the outside

8. How do bacteria reproduce?
1. Binary Fission (asexual)
Under optimal conditions, bacteria divide every 20 – 30 minutes.
2. Conjugation (sexual)
Transfer of DNA

9. Diseases caused by Bacteria:
Lyme Disease (Borellia)
Necrotizing Fasciitis (“Flesh eating” bacteria; Streptococcus pyogenes)
Strep Throat (Streptococcus)
Food poisoning (Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus)
Meningitis (Neisseria)

10. How do we treat (kill) bad bacteria?
ANTIBIOTICS
1st antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 = Penicillin (from penicillium mold)

11. If antibiotics are so effective at killing living bacterial cells, why don’t they hurt our cells?

12. Antibiotics are SPECIFIC for the bacteria they can kill-
A different type of antibiotic is prescribed for a respiratory infection and an urinary tract infection (UTI) because they are caused by DIFFERENT types of bacteria.

13. Problems with antibiotics:
The main difficulties with antibiotics are;
1. Allergies
2. Killing off the “good” bacteria in our bodies

14. GOOD BACTERIA: Bacteria aren’t all bad!
1. Some bacteria turns MILK into YOGURT (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and CHEESE.
2. Some bacteria help us digest our FOOD and produce Vitamin K (Escherichia coli).
3. Clean wastes from sewage water at water treatment plants (Pseudomonas putida).

15. Good Bacteria, cont.
4. A natural pest killer in gardens and on crops (Bacillus thuringiensis).
5. Clean up chemicals at hazardous waste dumps and landfills (Methanotrophs).
6. Make medicines, like ANTIBIOTICS or using biotechnology, Human Insulin.