1. The Impact of the Railways

2. People were able to travel greater distances for leisure & to work
Newspapers could be sent from London all over the country.
Seaside towns developed; the railways made cheap day trips possible
People were able to travel greater distances for leisure & to work
Canals & stage coach companies could not compete & went bankrupt.
People became more interested in politics & this led to the growth of political parties
Social & Economic Impact of the Railways
Townspeople were able to receive meat, fish, milk and vegetables brought in while they were still fresh by the railways.
Railway engineering towns grew up, E.g. Crewe & Doncaster.
Postal Service was speeded up
Industry grew, because the railways needed coal & iron; railways in turn allowed factories to transport their goods to markets.
First Class Mail

3. How did railways create more jobs?
Railways make the moving of goods cheaper.
Goods can now be sold for less.
This is called the Cycle of Prosperity
More people with jobs means …
More people can afford to buy these goods
Businessmen employ more workers.
More goods are sold & so more goods need to be produced.

4. Social Changes

5. Future
$8 billion for high-speed rail projects was a part of the 2009 Stimulus Package.
The plan: 10 high-speed service rails.
New York City to Washington D.C.
= Driving- 4 hours, 50 mins.
= High Speed Rail- 2 hours , 50 mins.
150 MPH

6. Capitalism vs. Socialism
Impressive Bearded Socialists
Baby Face Capitalists
Capitalism vs. Socialism
Friedrich Engels
Thomas Malthus
Karl Marx
David Ricardo

7. $ Capitalism Individuals/businesses own property and the
means of production.
• Individuals follow their own self-interest.
• Businesses compete- each business
tries to produce goods or services that are better
and less expensive than those of competitors.
• Consumers compete to buy the best goods at the
lowest prices.
Competition shapes the market
by affecting what businesses are able to sell.
• Government should not interfere in the economy
because competition creates efficiency in business.

8. “Laissez-faire” (free market) economics of Adam Smith
“Laissez-faire” (free market) economics of Adam Smith. Smith believed that workers should be paid well so they could buy more in a free market system.
Malthus disagreed. He believed that human population grew much faster than the food supply to feed them. Only disease, disaster, warfare, and famine kept the population in check.
Malthus believed if workers were paid high wages, received better working conditions, or received government assistance, they would produce more kids who would eat more food and create more famines.
Ricardo called this the “Iron Law of Wages” – higher wages = more children, more food consumed, and more workers competing for jobs. This, in turn, would depress wages, put people out of work, and create famine.

9. Socialism
• The community or the state should own property and the means of production.
• Progress results when a community of producers cooperate for the good of all.
• Socialists believe that capitalist employers take
advantage of workers. The community or state must act to protect workers.
• Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need.
• An unequal distribution of wealth and material
goods are unfair. A better system is to distribute
goods according to each person’s need.

10. believed that the workers in his factories,
Robert Owen was a factory owner who
believed that the workers in his factories,
if treated well with good pay, decent
working hours, and safe working
conditions, would work harder, produce
more, and buy more, thereby making a
higher profit for both the
owner and the workers. Owen created a
successful and profitable factory and
community in Scotland in 1805 based on his ideas of treating workers equally and fairly. Owen used the word “socialist” for the first time to describe his successful worker’s factory and community. It became the model for “socialist” thinking in the future. Owen, however, never tried to expand his ideas to include government policy.

11. The Communist Manifesto
Written by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
Societies divided into warring classes
Bourgeoisie (employers) – HAVES
Proletariat (workers) – HAVE-NOTS
Predicted that the workers would overthrow the employers
Promoted workers rights and shared property
Believed capitalism would destroy itself
Final phase of socialism= communism
Workers of the World Unite!

12. Today, the economic struggle between “socialist” beliefs in high wages for workers and negative “laissez-faire” beliefs in low wages for workers continues across the world.
What do you think?

13. Capitalism vs. Socialism THE END
Friedrich Engels
Thomas Malthus
Karl Marx
David Ricardo

14. Quick Write : Think about your future
Quick Write : Think about your future. If you receive a good-paying job, do you plan to have children or do you plan on spending your money on a nice car, house, entertainment, etc?
Based on your own future plans, which of the economic systems would work best for you?
Do you think one of the economic systems is better or truer than the other? Explain.

15. Slogan!: Marx and Engels are tired of their slogan “Workers of the World Unite!” Create a new catchy slogan they can use for their communist movement.

16. Economic Changes Railways cut the cost of transporting goods
How many horses would be needed to transport 40 tons by road?

17. Cultural Changes What is this woman doing?
Which famous books did Charles Dickens write?
What is this woman doing?

18. Environmental Changes
Impact on the landscape?

19. What impact did the Railways have on Britain?

20. 10 impacts at least 2 each of social and economic.
RAILROAD IMPACTS
Create a poster showing the impacts of the railroad on England in the 1800s. You should include:
4 pictures
10 impacts at least 2 each of social and economic.
Neat & creative