1. Totalitarian Dictators

2. Totalitarianism- Definition
System in which a government seeks total control of its citizen’s lives
Favors security and state power over individual freedoms and thought

3. Totalitarianism- Characteristics
Glorification of the State
State Control
One-Party Rule
Charismatic, Authoritarian Rulers
Control of Media
Police Terror

4. Stalin’s Soviet Union

5. USSR under Lenin Oppositions parties outlawed
Secret Police (Cheka) instill fear
New Economic Policy
Lenin’s capitalist compromises to fix economy
Farmers allowed to sell surplus crops
Free small industry
Invites foreign investment

7. Joseph Stalin Becomes secretary of the Central Committee
Takes over after Lenin’s death 1924
Forces Leon Trotsky into exile

8. 5 Year Plans 1928, 1933 Stalin’s plans to build Soviet industry
Impose central planning
Catch up to western industry
Set high quotas, limited consumer goods
Makes substantial improvements

10. Collectivization Government seizure of farm land
Peasants forced onto large gov. farms
Many resist
5-10 million dead
Food production increases

11. State Control NKVD- Stalin’s secret police
Gulags- Government labor camps
Pravda- State run newspaper
Indoctrination used to build up reverence for Stalin
Suppress religion

14. Great Purge
Stalin’s persecution of old Bolsheviks who threatened his power
8-13 million killed

17. Mussolini’s Italy

18. Fascism Political movement following WWI that stressed:
Extreme Nationalism
Authoritarian Leadership
State Supremacy
One Party Rule
Lack of Individual Rights

19. Benito Mussolini Militant, Nationalist, Anti-Communist, news editor
Starts the Fascist party 1921
The “Black Shirts,” gangs of fascist thugs terrorize socialists
Takes power during postwar struggles
After Socialists win parliamentary seats leading to class tension in Italy, appealing to desire for order and protection

20. Rise to Power Takes power during postwar struggles
After Socialists win parliamentary seats leading to class tension in Italy, appealing to desire for order and protection
Fascist march on Rome 10/1922
King Victor Emmanuel III asks Mussolini to form government, rule as Prime Minister

21. Fascist Italy Change election law to give Fascists full control
Then pass laws giving Mussolini power, dissolving opposition parties
Mussolini takes title of “Il Duce,” “the leader”
Ends free press, labor unions
Corporatism- creates group of business leaders who manage economy
Encourages women to stay home, have children, abolishes divorce
Never a real totalitarian state

23. Lateran Accords 1929 Deal with Catholic Church
Gives Pope autonomy in Vatican City & cash
Pope recognizes Italy and Mussolini

24. Hitler’s Germany

25. Nazism “National Socialism” Extreme Nationalism, Racism
Authoritarian Leadership
Modified socialism
Call for repudiation of Versailles Treaty, Unification of Ger. & Aus., Exclusion of Jews, end of Weimar Republic

26. Adolf Hitler Austrian artist, WWI vet (Ger.)
Becomes “Der Fuhrer” (the leader) of Nazi Party after WWI

28. Rise to Power
Nazis form the SA (The Brown Shirts), Nazi thugs to harass opponents
Appeal to lower middle class during economic troubles, blame Versailles and Weimar
Failed Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
Short prison sentence, writes Mein Kampf

29. Rise to Power
Weimar is paralyzed by weak coalition governments and Great Depression
Hitler named Chancellor by President Hindenburg
Hope to manipulate Hitler and his voter appeal
Fire set at Reichstag building, Nazis blame communists, jail many
Calls on Right wing parties to join the Nazis
Win in Reichstag elections

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38. Rise to Power The Enabling Act- gives dictatorial powers to Hitler
“Night of Long Knives”- Hitler eliminates Brown Shirts (SA) who may not be loyal
Uses new secret police force, The Gestapo and personal bodyguards, The SS
Conducts plebiscite to show public approval

41. Nazi Germany Military swears allegiance to Hitler personally
Schools, youth groups used for indoctrination
Dissenting books burned, degenerate art destroyed
Huge propaganda campaigns, staged rallies
Rearms German military
Creates jobs and industries, defies Versailles treaty
Britain and France do nothing
Massive public works projects
Ex: The Autobahn

42. Anti-Semitism Nazis blame Jews for loss in WWI and economic troubles
Lead boycotts of Jewish owned stores
“Nuremburg Laws” (1935) strip Jews of citizenship
Kristallnacht (1938): night of organized violence against Jews

45. Hitler’s Foreign Policy
Demands return of Saar Coal mines, Polish Corridor, the Rhineland
Desires conquest of “Lebensbraum,” living space for the Aryan “master race”