1. Progressive Era
1890s-1910s

2. Progressivism Definition: Impulses:
Optimistic social reform movement seen around the turn of the century which waged a war on “natural laws”
Impulses:
Anti-Monopoly
Dispersion of Wealth
Social Cohesion
Individual welfare dependant on welfare of society as a whole
Organization and Efficiency
Push for organized and rational order to society
Enlightened Public Opinion
If people are unaware of a problem, it cannot be fixed

3. Muckrakers
Journalists who direct public attention towards social injustices
Examples:
Urban Housing and Poverty
Jacob Riis
Labor and Food
Upton Sinclair
Corruption in Politics
Lincoln Steffens
Political Machines
Thomas Nast
Dangers of Big Business
Ida Tarbell

5. Urban Housing and Poverty
Areas of Concern
Urban Housing and Poverty
Labor
Women
Government
African Americans
Big Business

6. Urban Housing and Poverty
Settlement Houses
Hull House in Chicago
Jane Adams
Salvation Army
Religious based charity
Become more popular in 1900s
YMCA
Promoted Christianity through athletics

8. Labor Rise of middle class professionals Professional Organizations
Medicine - Legal - Commercial Services
Science -Education - Engineering
Professional Organizations
Push out illegitimate practitioners and businesses
American Medical Association
Legal Bar Associations
Business Administration Organizations

9. Labor Beginnings of Labor Laws Limits on Working Hours
Many states passed “8 Hour” laws
Increasing Child Labor Laws
Banned in 75% of US by 1912
Keating Owen Act of 1916
National ban on child labor
Later declared unconstitutional
Improved Safety Regulations
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (1911)
146 Dead
Led to fight for better conditions
Workers Compensation
46 States by 1921

10. Women Labor Lifestyle Most employed women work in Factories
Professional jobs on the rise (90% Education)
Lifestyle
Less Children, More Schooling
Increase in women's colleges
10% never marry
“Boston Marriages
Rising Divorce Rates

11. Women Suffrage Counter Idea of “Separate Spheres” N.A.W.S.A.
National American Women’s Suffrage Association
1917 – 2 million Members
Carrie Chapman Catt
19th Amendment
Western States begin allowing women to vote
Ratified into Constitution

12. Women Temperance and Prohibition W.C.T.U. (1873) 18th Amendment
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
250,000 members
Join Anti Saloon League in 1893
18th Amendment
Volstead Act

13. Carrie Nation 6’ 0” 175 pounds Kentucky LB/RB
"a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like"

14. Government – Expanding Democracy
National
Primaries
People choose presidential candidates - not Party Bosses
17th Amendment
Citizens now elect Senators
State
Initiatives
Laws proposed by the people
Referendums
People Vote on Laws
Recalls
Elected officials can be removed

15. Government - Local Focus on reform at the grassroots level
Attack on Party politics
Secret Ballots
Gradual reduction of “machine” control
Municipal (Local) Reform
Commissioners and City Managers
Non Partisan officials
Commissioners – Elected by people
City Managers – Hired by elected officials
*Weakens Political Machines

17. Government Robert La Follette (a.k.a. Fighting Bob)
Wisconsin Congressman
Governor
Senator
Presidential Candidate
Progressive Party
Anti-RR, Anti-Trust, Anti-Pol. Machine

19. African Americans Renewal of Civil Rights movements W.E.B. Du Bois
Rejected Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise”
Encouraged Higher Education
Called for Immediate Progress
Niagara Movement
NAACP
Ida B. Wells
Anti Lynching Laws
Attempts to pass laws are Filibustered

20. Big Business Anti Monopoly Movement Rise of Socialism
“Trust Busting” Era
Roosevelt and Taft
Rise of Socialism
I.W.W.
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
Call for all laborers to unite into one labor union
Eugene Debs – Co-Founder
Movement Loses support when socialists refuse to support WWI