1. Phonation 1

2. Consonant Length
How long can you make a [v]? 2

3. Consonant Length
How long can you make a [v]?
What restricts length? 3

4. Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [f]? 4

5. Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [f]? 5

6. Consonant Length How long can you make a [v]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [f]?
Any difference between [v] and [f] maximum length? 6

7. Consonant Length
How long can you make a [p]? 7

8. Consonant Length
How long can you make a [p]?
What restricts length? 8

9. Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [b]? 9

10. Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [b]? 10

11. Consonant Length How long can you make a [p]? What restricts length?
How long can you make a [b]?
Any difference between [p] and [b] maximum length? 11

12. Consonant Length
Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced? 12

13. Consonant Length Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced?
Where is voicing most likely total?
Lab
Beer
About 13

14. Consonant Length Is it possible to have a [b] that is half voiced?
Where is voicing most likely total?
Lab
Beer
About because it’s surrounded by vowels 14

15. Consonant Length Where is devoicing most likely? Lab class Six beers
See Bob 15

16. Consonant Length Where is devoicing most likely?
Lab class: [b] is by [k]
Six beers: [b] is by [ks]
See Bob: [b] is between vowels 16

17. Consonant Length
In some languages [b, d, g] become [, p, t, k] word finally
(Russian, German, Dutch)
Why? 17

18. Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’
Cut and exchange [k] and [g] 18

19. Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’
Cut and exchange [k] and [g]
Ask people to identify modified words 19

20. Consonant Length Experiment Record ‘lack’ and ‘lag’
Cut and exchange [k] and [g]
Ask people to identify modified words
People still hear same words. Why? 20

21. Consonant Length
How can you lengthen [b, d, g]? 21

22. Consonant Length How can you lengthen [b, d, g]? Expand vocal tract
Puff cheeks for [b]
Lower larynx 22

23. Direction of airflow Pulmonic pressure Air moves out of mouth
All English sounds 23

24. Direction of airflow Pulmonic pressure Air moves out of mouth
All English sounds
Pulmonic suction
Air moves into mouth
Swedish “yes” video 24

25. Glottalic suction stops
Air moves into mouth
Movement of glottis, not lungs causes it 25

26. Glottalic suction stops
Air moves into mouth
Movement of glottis, not lungs causes it
Also called implosives 26

27. Glottalic suction stops
Say [b], lengthen by lowering glottis
Air between lips and glottis rarified
When released it causes inward flow, or nullifies outward lung flow 27

28. Glottalic suction stops
IPA symbols [ɓ, ɗ, ɠ]
They are usually fully voiced
Video of [ɓ] 28

29. Glottalic suction stops
IPA symbols [ɓ, ɗ, ɠ]
They are usually fully voiced
Do they exist in American English? 29

30. Colour scheme Text & Lines Title Text Background Shadows Accent &
Hyperlink
Followed
Hyperlink
Fills
Accent 30

31. Sample Graph (3 colours)31

32. Picture slide
Bullet 1
Bullet 2 32

33. Process Flow Design Plan Build Test Evaluate Bullet 1 Bullet 233

34. Example of a table Title Data
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Hyperlinks like this
Visited hyperlinks like this
Table
Text box
Text box
With shadow 35

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