1. The New Republic Begins

2. 1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
George Washington
Virginia
Federalist
132
97.8%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 77
57.0%
George Clinton
New York
Democratic-Republican 50
37.0%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 4
3.0%
Aaron Burr
New York
Federalist 1
0.7%
Electoral Votes Not Cast
---
----- 6
4.4%
Total Number of Electors
132
Total Electoral Votes Cast
264
Number of Votes for a Majority 67

3. 1792 Election Results

4. Judiciary Act of 1789 Created a judicial structure: Supreme Court
3 federal circuit courts
13 federal district courts
State court decisions can be appealed to a federal court… very important

5. Washington Shapes Executive Branch
Cabinet… president’s chief advisers
Department of State
Thomas Jefferson
Department of War
Henry Knox
Department of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Edmund Randolph-Attorney General

6. Lincoln Cabinet
President Lincoln nominated the following gentlemen as his constitutional advisers: William H. Seward, of New York, Secretary of State; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War; Gideon Welles, of Connecticut, Secretary of the Navy; Caleb Smith, of Indiana, Secretary of the Interior; Montgomery Blair, of Maryland Postmaster - General; and Edward Pates, of Missouri, Attorney-General.

7. Roosevelt Cabinet
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his Cabinet members. From left to right around the table: Secretary of Agriculture Claude Wickard, Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, Secretary of Commerce Henry Wallace, unidentified, Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, unidentified, Secretary of War Henry Stimson, Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, President Roosevelt, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Attorney General Francis Biddle, unidentified.

8. Reagan Cabinet

9. Bush Cabinet

10. Hamilton and Jefferson in Conflict
Strong central government
Commerce and industry key to a strong nation
Support in the north
Jefferson
Favored strong state and local governments
Favored a society of farmer-citizens
Support in the south and west

11. Hamilton vs. Jefferson: John Adams HBO

12. Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Federal government would assume the debts of the states
Full payment of foreign debts
Full payment of the domestic debt

13. The National Bank Bank of the United States: Opponents:
Funded by federal government and wealthy private investors
Issue paper money
Handle tax receipts
Opponents:
No provision in the Constitution
Unhealthy alliance between government and big business

14. Overall Objectives of Hamilton’s Financial Program
Establish national credit
Encourage manufacturing
Provide a sound currency
**Favored persons of wealth…but by giving them an economic stake in the new government Hamilton believed he was assuring its success

15. The District of Columbia
Compromise between Hamilton and Jefferson
Agree to back the debt plan… and the nation’s capital will be moved to Virginia (or what is now Washington, DC)

16. The Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Protective tariff
Import tax on goods produced in Europe
Excise tax
Tax on a product’s manufacture, sale, or distribution
Whiskey producers in western PA refuse to pay tax and threaten to secede
Federal troops scattered the rebels
Importance: Set precedent for use of federal power in domestic affairs

17. Whiskey Rebellion: Video

18. Reaction to the French Revolution
Democratic-Republicans supported France
Federalists backed the British
President Washington issued a declaration of neutrality

19. Jay’s Treaty
In 1793, the British captured more than 250 American ships trading in the French West Indies.
Called for Britain to pay damages for American ships seized
Compromise:
1. Americans had to pay debts to British merchants owed from before the Revolution
2. Britain agreed to give up forts it still held in the Ohio Valley

20. Washington’s Farewell Address
1796…he retired
1. remain neutral in relations with foreign countries
2. warned Americans to avoid becoming involved in European affairs

21. Rise of Political Parties
Split in Washington’s cabinet
Parties formed around a key issue of power and size of federal government
Federalists… strong central government
Democratic-Republicans… strong state governments
Saw political parties as a threat to national unity
Washington warned Americans that parties would lead to “jealousies and false alarms”

22. Differing Views Manufacturing or Farming Federal or State Governments
Economic backbone of country?
Federal or State Governments
Which should have more power?
Strict or Loose Interpretation of Constitution
Make all laws “necessary and proper”?
Britain or France
Foreign policy…which ally?

23. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 71
51.4%
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 68
49.3%
Thomas Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist 59
42.8%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic-Republican 30
21.7%
Samuel Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 15
10.9%
Oliver Ellsworth
Connecticut
Federalist 11
8.0%
George Clinton
New York
Democratic-Republican 7
5.1%
Other - - 15
10.9%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

24. 1796 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson

25. XYZ Affaire Because of neutrality and Jay’s Treaty… French hostility
Adams sends negotiators to Paris… French demand $250,000 bribe before talks began
Result: Anti-French sentiment in US

26. XYZ Affaire: Video

27. Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Acts
Raised residence requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years
President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable
Sedition Act
Set fines and jail terms for any person who uttered or wrote “false, scandalous, and malicious” statements against government
Democratic-Republicans outraged

28. Nullification States have right to nullify, or cancel federal law
KY and VA Resolutions…each state has right to “judge for itself” constitutionality

29. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 73
52.9%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic-Republican 73
52.9%
John Adams
Massachusetts
Federalist 65
47.1%
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina
Federalist 64
46.4%
John Jay
New York
Federalist 1
0.7%
Total Number of Electors
138
Total Electoral Votes Cast
276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70

30. 1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson

31. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)
 1 vote for each State 
Thomas Jefferson
Virginia
Democratic-Republican 10
62.5%
Aaron Burr
New York
Democratic-Republican 4
25.0%
Blank 2
12.5%