1. Learning

2. How do we learn? Two types of associative learning:
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Other types of learning:
Cognitive learning
Observational learning

3. Classical Conditioning
Major People:
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
Pioneers of behaviorism
The view that psychology
Should be an objective science
Studies behavior without reference to mental processes

4. Classical Conditioning
A condition where one learns to links two or more stimuli to anticipate events
Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex.

5. Pavlov’s Experiments

6. Pavlov’s Experiments

7. Pavlov’s Experiments

8. Pavlov’s Experiments

9. Classical Conditioning
Conditioning can occur
without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

10. Classical Conditioning
Conditioning can occur
without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

11. Classical Conditioning
Conditioning can occur
without an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

12. Classical Conditioning
Although classical conditioning happens quite easily, there are a few basic principles that researchers have discovered:
The UR (unconditioned response) and CR (conditioned response) are essentially the same – salivation.
The CS (conditioned stimulus) must precede the US (unconditioned stimulus) in order for conditioning to occur – bell can’t follow food.

13. Classical Conditioning
Check for understanding:
An experimenter sounds a tone just before delivering an air puff to your blinking eye. After several repetitions, you blink to the tone alone.
NS =
US =
UR =
CS =
CR =
tone before procedure
air puff
blink to air puff
tone after procedure
blink to tone