1. Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity: What Is the Culprit?
Kristin Verbeke 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 154, Issue 3, Pages (February 2018)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Several components of cereals have been proposed to induce symptoms in nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Fructans do not elicit an immune response and, therefore, can only explain intestinal symptoms. Both gluten and α-amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) activate the innate and adaptive immune system, which explains both intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. *Assuming a daily intake of wheat flower of 150 to 250 g, a total protein content of 12%, of which gluten makes up 80%.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions