1. Table A: Domestic Extraction
Metal Ores and
Non-Metallic Minerals

2. Metal Ore Extraction
conversion from reported metal content to gross ore often necessary
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3. Terminology Overview
Description of the material
Common terminology
MFA terminology
materials removed to get access to reserve, i.e. metal containing ores
overburden, interburden
unused extraction
the metal containing material
run of mine, gross ore, crude ore
used extraction
the pure metal
net ore or metal content
metal component of used extraction, not specifically reported in the MFA in the indicators, but reported in the MFA questionnaire !
“Concentrate” refers to refined ore, not to the pure metal.
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4. Gross Ore Calculation Enclosing Rock Gross Ore = Metal Content [t]
Ore Grade [%]
Copper Metal
Copper Metal
Enclosing Rock
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5. Total Metal Content [t]
Coupled Production
Copper-Zinc-Lead (Cu-Zn-Pb)
Copper Content: 1%
Zinc Content: 5%
Lead Content: 8%
Copper Metal
Zinc Metal
Lead Metal
Step 1)
Gross Ore =
Total Metal Content [t]
Total Ore Grade [%]
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6. Coupled Production: Calculation Procedure
Calculation of Total Gross Ore
Allocation of Gross Ore Fractions to Individual Metals
In Our Example:
Copper Content: 1%
Zinc Content: 5%
Lead Content: 8%
7% Allocated to Copper
Total Ore Grade = 14%
36% Allocated to Zinc
57% Allocated to Lead
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7. Extraction of Non-Metallic Minerals
some conversion from volume to mass necessary
 average factors included in Compilation Guidelines
estimation and/or cross-checks often necessary
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8. Limestone Low-Value Construction Mineral ( ~ 10 €/t)
Mainly Used in Cement Production
Often Underreported
Cross-Check Via Cement Production
limestone for cement production [t] =
cement production [t] * 1.19 [t/t]
Data Source: PRODCOM
Comparison Between Estimated and Reported Figure
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9. Clay: Cross-Check for Reported Common Clays
Common clay required for the production of:
lug bricks (2.2 t/m3) roof bricks (1.05 t/t)
ceiling bricks (2.2 t/m3)
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10. Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel for Construction Often Underestimated
Indication: <1t/cap
Uses: Concrete Production, Road Construction
 Two-Step Estimation Procedure:
1. Concrete Production or Cement Consumption for Concrete Production
2. Road Construction
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11. 1a) Sand and Gravel: Concrete Production
Concrete contains both sand and gravel:
Gravel: 41% Sand: 26%
Sand and gravel input [t] =
0.67 [t/t] * concrete production [t]
Source of Data: PRODCOM Concrete Production
 May exclude concrete produced directly at sites of construction!
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12. 1b) Sand and Gravel: Cement Consumption
Concrete contains 67% sand and gravel and 11% cement, i.e times more sand and gravel than cement.
Therefore:
Sand and gravel input [t] = cement consumption [t] * 6.09
with cement consumption = production + imports – exports
Source of Data: PRODCOM (production), COMEXT (trade)
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13. 2) Sand and Gravel: Road Construction
Sand and gravel is required for:
- specific layers of newly built roads
- maintenance of existing roads
Data required for calculation:
- length of existing and newly constructed roads
- sand and gravel [t/km] constructed
- sand and gravel [t/km] for maintenance
Data Sources: Nat’l Transport/Road Statistics, World Road Statistics
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14. Calculation Tools