1. The Endocrine System

2. Control of the Body Section 35.3
Internal control of the body is directed by two systems:
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System

3. Systems that chemically coordinate the body:
NERVOUS
ENDOCRINE
Stimuli-response
Rapid response
Short time
Slow response
Lasts long time
Both=HOMEOSTASIS

4. The Endocrine System Section 35.3 Made up of endocrine glands
Release chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream - act as messengers in the body

5. Hormones Section 35.3 Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands
Conveys information to cells in the body
Bind to receptors of target cells

6. The Endocrine Glands Section 35.3 Located throughout the body
Most are controlled by the pituitary gland
Master endocrine gland

7. Pituitary: The Master Gland that controls other endocrine glands
Bean-size, at base of skull
Secretes 9 hormones that Regulate Many body functions

8. Hypothalamus Section 35.3 Portion of the brain
Controls the pituitary gland
Connected by nerves and blood vessels
Sends messages to the pituitary gland
Pituitary glands then releases its chemicals

9. Negative Feedback Control
Section 35.3
Negative Feedback Control
I.e. thermostat.
Temperature drops
Thermostat stimulates heater to increase output
Temperature rises, thermostat stops stimulating the heater, so it shuts off.
Cycle continues
Most endocrine glands operate under negative feedback systems

10. Control of blood water levels
Section 35.3
Control of blood water levels
Lets say you are working out in the gym.
Water level in your blood goes down.
Hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ADH reduces amount of water in urine by causing the absorption of water in the kidneys.
If the body gets over-hydrated, hypothalamus stops stimulating the release of ADH

11. Control of blood glucose levels
Section 35.3
Control of blood glucose levels
When you eat, blood glucose levels rise.
Pancreas releases insulin.
Insulin causes liver and muscle cells to take in glucose.
Lowers blood glucose levels.
When levels go down, pancreas releases glucagon.
Glucagon causes the release of glucose from the liver

12. I am STRESSED OUT!! Section 35.3
The Adrenal Gland is involved in preparing your body for stressful situations
Located on top of the kidneys

13. The Adrenal Gland Section 35.3 Releases steroids
Increases available glucose and raises blood pressure
Secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine
Increases heart rate, BP and rate of respiration

14. Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
Section 35.3
Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Regulates metabolism, growth and development
Releases calcium
Parathyroid gland
causes kidney to absorb calcium and magnesium

15. Thymus The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system.
Section 35.3
Thymus
The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system.
T cells attacks foreign substances

16. Section 35.3
Testes
Testes are part of the reproductive system and part of the endocrine system
Produce the male sex hormone testosterone and sperm