1. The Sniper by Liam O’Flaherty
Feature Menu
Introducing the Story
Literary Focus: Theme and Conflict
Reading Skills: Making Predictions

2. The Sniper by Liam O’Flaherty

3. The Sniper Introducing the Story
“War: first, one hopes to win; then one expects the enemy to lose; then, one is satisfied that he too is suffering; in the end, one is surprised that everyone has lost.”
Karl Kraus, Austrian satirist, 1917

4. The Sniper Introducing the Story
A sniper hides on a rooftop. He lights a cigarette, and the flash from the match gives him away to the enemy. Will he get off the rooftop alive?
“The Sniper” takes place over a brief period of time, but it is packed with suspense. How do you think the character will react to being under fire and alone?
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5. The Sniper Literary Focus: Theme and Conflict
In many stories, the theme, or central idea, is revealed by the way the conflict is resolved.
Who is the main character in conflict with?
Theme: central idea of the story; usually some truth or insight about life or human behavior
How does the character respond to the conflict?
How is the conflict resolved?
What does the main character learn from the conflict?

6. The Sniper Literary Focus: Theme and Conflict
“The Sniper” focuses on the life-and-death conflict between the sniper and an enemy soldier.
As you read, decide what idea about war the writer communicates through the sniper’s experiences.
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7. The Sniper Background
This story is set in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1920s, during a time of bitter civil war. On one side were the Republicans; they wanted all of Ireland to become a republic, totally free from British rule.
On the other side were the Free Staters; still wanted British rule in the in the northern province of Ulster.

8. The Sniper Background

9. The Sniper Background
Like all civil wars, the Troubles in Ireland tore families apart. It pitted children against parents, sister against sister, brother against brother. As the story opens, the writer immediately puts you into the war—high on a Dublin rooftop.
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10. Vocabulary

11. The Sniper Vocabulary Previewing the Vocabulary
beleaguered v. used as adj.: surrounded and under attack.
spasmodically adj.: occurring in short irregular bursts.
draught n.: a single act of drinking (like a swig).
ascetic adj.: severe; also, self-disciplined.
fanatic n.: person whose extreme devotion to a cause is excessive or unreasonable.
parapet n.: a low protective wall across the edge of a roof.

12. The Sniper Vocabulary
clattered v. used as adj.: making a continuous rattling sound
Iodine n.: a type of alcohol used as an antiseptic on wounds
muzzle n.: the point of the gun from which the bullets come out
recoil n.: to suddenly jump or flinch back in fear, horror or disgust
ruse n.: trick.
silhouetted v. used as adj.: outlined.
remorse n.: deep guilt.

13. The Sniper Vocabulary Vocabulary Activity
Fill in the blanks with the correct Word Bank words.
beleaguered fanatic ruse silhouetted remorse
1. I tried to trick her, but she didn’t fall for my __________ .
2. The ___________ troops fought off the attack bravely.
3. My sister doesn’t just love opera; she is a __________ .
The convict did not apologize or show any __________ .
The horse was __________ against the bright sunset.

14. The Sniper Vocabulary Vocabulary Activity
Fill in the blanks with the correct Word Bank words.
spasmodically draught recoil clattered parapet
1. As the fell, the coins __________ all over the bank floor.
2. The ___________ stopped him from falling over the edge.
3. He finished the remaining beer in one __________ .
The sight of the body made her __________ .
The fireworks went off __________ throughout the night.

15. The Sniper Vocabulary Vocabulary Activity
Fill in the blanks with the correct Word Bank words.
Iodine muzzle ascetic
1. To kill off an bacteria he quickly applied some __________ .
2. The glinting ___________ of the gun shone in the dark night.
3. The iron man was a tough and __________ competitor.
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16. Meet the Writer

17. The Sniper Meet the Writer
Liam O’Flaherty ( ) was born to a large, impoverished family on Inishmore, one of Ireland’s rocky Aran Islands. His father was a farmer and fisherman, and his mother was the descendant of lighthouse builders.
O’Flaherty took inspiration from his native Aran Islands, writing frequently about peasant life.
More About the Writer
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