1. Chapter 10, Ancient Greece, Day 1
Do Now: 1. How would you describe Greece’s geography? 2. How would that effect the people (PERSIAN)?

2. Early Development of Greek Society
Minoan society
Island of Crete
Major city: Knossos
Ca B.C.E., center of maritime trade
Scholars unable to decipher Linear A script – Result?
Series of natural disasters after 1700 B.C.E.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves- myth?
Foreign invasions
Crete falls under foreign domination

3. Chaos in Eastern Mediterranean
Trojan war, ca B.C.E.
Homer’s Iliad
Sequel: Odyssey
Political turmoil, chaos from 1100 to 800 B.C.E.
Mycenaean civilization disappears

4. The Polis City-state Urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas
Highly independent character
Monarchies
“Tyrannies,” not necessarily oppressive
Early democracies

5. Sparta Austerity the norm Boys removed from families at age seven
Received military training in barracks
Active military service follows
Marriage, but no home life until age 30
Some relaxation of discipline by fourth century C.E.
Highly militarized society
Subjugated peoples: helots
Serfs, tied to land
Outnumbered Spartans 10:1 by sixth century B.C.E.
Military society developed to control threat of rebellion

6. Athens Development of early democracy
Free adult males only
Women, slaves excluded
Yet contrast Athenian style of government with Spartan militarism
Maritime trade brings increasing prosperity beginning seventh century B.C.E.
Aristocrats dominate smaller landholders
Increasing socio-economic tensions
Class conflict

7. Solon and Athenian Democracy
Aristocrat Solon mediates crisis
Aristocrats to keep large landholdings
But forgive debts, ban debt slavery
Removed family restrictions against participating in public life
Instituted paid civil service- FAIR?
Pericles
Ruled B.C.E.
High point of Athenian democracy
Aristocratic but popular
Massive public works
Encouraged cultural development

8. Population expansion drives colonization Coastal Mediterranean, Black Sea, Sicily (Naples: “Neapolis,” new city), Southern France (Massalia: Marseilles), Anatolia, Southern Ukraine- Anything in common? Classical Greece and the Mediterranean Basin, B.C.E.

9. Persian Wars ( B.C.E.)
Revolt against Persian empire, 500 B.C.E., in Ionia
Athens supports with ships
Yet Greek rebellion crushed by Darius 493 B.C.E.; Athenians rout Persian army in 490 B.C.E.
Successor Xerxes burns Athens, but driven out as well

10. The Peloponnesian War
Civil war in Greece, B.C.E.
Poleis allied with either Athens or Sparta
Athens forced to surrender
But conflict continued between Sparta and other poleis
The Delian League
Poleis create Delian League to forestall more Persian attacks
Led by Athens
Massive payments to Athens fuels Periclean expansion
Resented by other poleis

11. Kingdom of Macedon Frontier region to north of Peloponnesus
King Philip II (r B.C.E.) builds massive military
350 B.C.E., encroaches on Greek poleis to the south; controls region by 338 B.C.E.
“Alexander the Great,” son of Philip II
Rapid expansion throughout Mediterranean basin
Invasion of Persia successful
Turned back in India when exhausted troops mutinied

12. Alexander’s Empire, ca. 323 B.C.E. Why conquer THOSE regions?