1. The Purposes of Education
Chapter 13
The Purposes of Education
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2. Forces That Influence Educational Goals
Society
Shifts in economy, family trends, media, changing social mores
Knowledge
Discoveries, new developments in science, technology, new organizations of fields of study
Learners
Changing beliefs about learning processes or the nature of learners
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3. Goals Objectives Set broad, general direction or aims
Cannot be directly observed
Set at national, state, and district levels, becoming more specific as they become more local
Objectives
Describe specific endpoint or outcome
Often measurable in students’ behavior
Set at subject or grade level, unit plan level, and lesson plan level, becoming more specific for smaller units of instruction
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4. Four Fundamental Questions for Creating School Goals
What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?
What educational experiences can we provide to help attain these purposes?
How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?
How can we determine whether (and to what extent) the purposes have been attained?
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5. History of Educational Goals
Before 1900s
Mental Discipline Approach
1910s to 1950s
Whole Child Concept
1950s
Sputnik era emphasis on math, science, languages, gifted and talented
1960s to 1980s
Focus on disadvantaged children
1990s to 2000s
Emphasis on accountability
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6. Common Elements of National Reports
Urgent Need for Excellence
Calls for Stronger Core Curriculum
Improve Students’ Technology Skills
Stress High-Level Cognitive Skills
Implement Tougher Requirements
Worries that Schools Play Too Many Roles
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