1. China and the world since the “movement of 4th May” 1919

2. Part One: China

3. A note on religion
Importance of CONFUCIANISM, a conservative creed, that stressed the importance of family, of authority, of tradition, of hierarchy.
BUDDHISM
TAOISM
The vinegar tasters:

4. Achievements of the Chinese ‘We possess all things’

5. Imperial China (221 BC – 1912 AD)
First Opium War from to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860.

6. Imperial China (221 BC - AD 1912)

7. 1911 Revolution
Qing’s being “carved up like a melon” was a national disgrace, which Han Chinese could not tolerate
Revolutionaries wanted to overthrow the Manchu state “to avenge the national disgrace”, and “to restore the Chinese”

8. SUN YAT SEN
Organised opposition groups began to appear after the Russo-Japanese war.
The CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENT was a moderate and essentially upper class organization dedicated to liberal reforms, while SUN YAT SEN was rather more radical.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen
(1866 – 1925)

9. SUN YAT SEN
Educated abroad, he had developed a western political outlook.
His group became known as the GUOMINDONG, or the Chinese Nationalist Party.
It was based on Sun’s THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE : nationalism, democracy, and the “people’s welfare.”

10. End of Imperial China
PU YI, the last Emperor, 6 years old, abdicated on 12 February 1912.
In 1917 he would be briefly restored for 12 days, and from 1932 to 1945 he would be head of the puppet of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo ( Manchuria.)

11. The Early Republic 1912-1916 Problems:
Republicanism wasn’t a mass-movement.
Initially it had no armed forces and relied on the ex-Imperial army for its strength
The GMD was poorly organised
Had little support with the majority – Rural peasants
Yuan Shikai ( )

12. The Era of the Warlords 1916-1927

13. May 4th Movement ToV signed 28 June 1919
On the morning of May 4, 1919, student representatives from thirteen different local universities met in Beijing and drafted five resolutions:

14. May 4th Movement
to oppose the granting of Shandong to the Japanese under former German concessions.
Germany lost Qingdao and its sphere of influence in Shandong.
The Treaty of Versailles transferred the German concessions in Shandong to Japan instead of restoring Chinese sovereignty over the area.
Shandong would actually be ruled by a warlord until 1928.

15. May 4th Movement
to draw awareness of China's precarious position to the masses in China.
to recommend a large-scale gathering in Beijing.
to promote the creation of a Beijing student union.
to hold a demonstration that afternoon in protest to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Note: The May 4th movement’s key consequence was the founding of the CCP in 1921.

16. Chinese Communist Party
The United Front
Chinese Communist Party
Mao Tse Tung
Nationalist Party
(Guomindang – GMD)
Chiang Kai Shrek

17. Execution of Communists in Shanghai 1927
The White Terror
Execution of Communists in Shanghai 1927

18. Chiang Kai-Shek became President of Nationalist China, 1928

19. The Jiangxi Soviet

20. The Long March 1934
Of the original 87,000 Red Army soldiers less than 10,000 men survived the march.
These survivors had marched over 9000 kilometres.
The march took 368 days.

21. Survivors of the March

22. The Yenan Soviet