1. Chemical Reactions

2. Chemical Reactions in Biology
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Neutralization
Oxidation

3. Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions
We have already covered!

4. Neutralization Reactions!

5. Acids Proton donor or produces H+ / H3O+ ions an acid is sour
conducts electricity
turns blue litmus paper red

6. Bases Proton acceptor or produces OH- ions e.g. NaOH  Na+ + OH-
a base is bitter
has a slippery feel
conducts electricity
changes red litmus paper blue

7. Neutralization Reaction
General Equation:
Acid + Base  Salt + Water
HCl(aq)
NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq)
H2O(l)

8. pH Scale Used to measure the acidity of a substance
The scale ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).
Each pH unit represents a tenfold change in the concentration of H+, - thus pH 2 has 10x as many H+ (protons) as pH 3.

10. Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Redox Rxn)
LEO the lion says GER

11. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidized Material/Reducing Agent:
The reactant that loses electrons in the reaction
Reduced Material/Oxidizing Agent:
The reactant that gains electrons in the reaction

14. Redox Reactions in biology
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are examples of redox reactions in biology
In cellular respiration glucose is oxidized to CO2
In photosynthesis CO2 is reduced to glucose