1. Atoms & Elements Molecules Compounds
Definition
Atoms & Elements
Molecules
Compounds

2. Atoms - Subatomic Particles
Electrons, Protons, & Neutrons

3. Atoms

4. H, O, C & N make up 99+% of the body
Elements of Life
H, O, N, & C
H, O, C & N make up 99+% of the body

5. Isotopes
H, O, N, & C

6. Radioactive Isotopes
H, O, N, & C

7. Ions
H, O, N, & C
Cation Anion

8. Chemical Bonds H, O, N, & C Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen
full outer shell rule

9. Ionic Bonds

10. Ionic Bonds

11. Ionic Bonds

12. Pairing due to opposite charges
Ionic Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Pairing due to opposite charges

13. Pairing due to opposite charges
Ionic Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Pairing due to opposite charges

14. Pairing due to sharing of electrons
Covalent Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Pairing due to sharing of electrons + =

15. Pairing due to sharing of electrons
Covalent Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Pairing due to sharing of electrons + =

16. Pairing due to sharing of electrons
Covalent Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Pairing due to sharing of electrons 4 + =

17. Covalent Bonds
H, O, N, & C

18. Covalent Bonds
H, O, N, & C

19. Hydrogen Bonds
H, O, N, & C

20. Ionic Bonds
H, O, N, & C

21. Hydrogen Bonds
H, O, N, & C

22. Hydrogen Bonds H, O, N, & C High specific heat
High heat of evaporation

23. Hydrogen Bonds
H, O, N, & C
High surface tension

24. Hydrogen Bonds
H, O, N, & C
Excellent solvent (for polar and charged compounds)

25. Hydrophobic Interactions
H, O, N, & C

26. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

27. Carbon About half the dry weight of cells
Single bonds with O, H, N & C
Fee rotation
Tetrahedral (109.5 bond angle)

28. Carbon Double bonds with O, N, & C
Shorter bond (0.135 nm vs nm)
No rotation
Planar (120)

29. Carbon

30. Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Straight chain
Branched
Cyclic
Aromatic

31. Functional Groups

32. Functional Groups

33. Functional Groups

34. Functional Groups

36. Same number and types of atoms, but arranged differently
Isomers
Same number and types of atoms, but arranged differently

37. Different chemical and physical properties
Geometric Isomers
Differ in arrangement of their substituent groups with respect to double bonds
Different chemical and physical properties

38. Stereoisomers
Same bonds, but different configurations

39. Stereoisomers

40. Stereochemistry – 3D structure
Enzyme – substrate
Hormone receptor – hormone
Transport protein
Neurotransmitter – receptor
Antibodies – foreign objects

41. Water Ionization & pH

42. Water Ionization & pH
pH = -log[H ]

43. Water Ionization & pH

44. Water Ionization & pH

45. Functional Groups