3. GERMANIA
GAUL
Venice
PO RIVER
ALPS MOUNTAINS
Genoa
Illyria
Etruria
CORSICA
TIBER RIVER
APPENINE MOUNTAINS
ADRIATIC SEA
Rome
Latium
SPAIN
SARDINIA
SICILY
Carthage
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
AFRICA

4. Romans have a legend about the
founding of their city. About 800 B.C.,
a Latin princess broke an oath never
to have children and gave birth to twin
sons fathered by the god 1. Mars.
As a punishment, her sons - 2Romulus and 3Remus –were taken from her and left to die. The two boys were found by a she-wolf, which fed and cared for them.
When the boys were older, they
decided to build a city on the 4Tiber,
but could not agree on which one
should rule the city. They decided
to let the gods choose the city’s ruler.
The two brothers fought, and Remus
was killed. Romulus became king of
the city, which he named 5Rome.

5. About 1000 B. C. , groups of people. with iron weapons began invading
About 1000 B.C., groups of people with iron weapons began invading the lands around the Mediterranean. One group, the 6Latins, settled on the Palatine; Romans belonged to this group.
The Latins’ settlement area
had a pleasant climate, fertile
soil, and dense forests. By 776
B.C., the settlement on the
7Palatine had become a farming
village of about 1,000 people.

6. Romulus and Remus

7. Objective: to introduce the Etruscan culture using
A lecture with notes. As you take you notes use
PNI – make sure you are also citing evidence.

8. Around 800 B.C., a people called
Etruscans settled in 8Etruria, the
country north of the Latin village
on the 9Palatine. The Etruscans
were Italy’s first highly civilized people.
Etruscan farmers used mostly iron tools. Some Etruscan were metalworkers and 10sculptors.
They were known as “the people
of the sea,” feared as11 pirates and
respected as traders.
Over time, the Etruscan cities grew, and by 600 B.C., they dominated all of northern Italy, including the Latin village on the12 Palatine.

9. The Etruscans enjoyed playing and watching. games
The Etruscans enjoyed playing and watching games like chess,13 backgammon, wrestling, running, boxing, and horse racing. The Etruscans loved music and dancing best.
The Etruscans had a strong sense of 14 social order,
or the way groups of people are classed. A few
wealthy families owned most of the land and most
of the enslaved people, who tended the land and did
other work.
The Etruscans had many gods, most of whom were modeled after the 15 Greeks. The Etruscans believed the universe was divided into provinces with each province ruled by different gods. The Etruscans also believed humans were powerless before the gods so they wanted to please their gods.
They discovered what the gods willed through a priestly group of aristocrats called soothsayers, or people who can predict events. Soothsayers read certain 17omens, or signs of what is to happen.

10. When an Etruscan noble died, a great
banquet was held, and two of the noble’s
slaves fought one another to the death.
The dead were buried in tombs beneath
the ground called 18 catacombs.
The Etruscans believed that life after death lasted longer and was more important than life on Earth. They filled their tombs with works of art and treasures of gold, silver, bronze, and ivory. Because of this, Etruscan tombs are known as19 “tombs of gold.”
Outside each Etruscan city was a 20 necropolis, or cemetery, made up of acres of these tombs.

11. The Etruscan Artisans

12. Objective: Using KWL show how the Etruscan culture influenced Rome
– make sure you are also citing evidence.

13. In 616 B.C., Lucius Tarquinius became
the first Etruscan ruler of Rome, and his
dynasty ruled Rome for more than 100
years.
The Etruscans drained the swamp at the foot of the Palatine which became Rome’s Forum, or the public square.
The Romans borrowed the Etruscan
alphabet and some Etruscan customs,
including the gladiatorial games. The
Romans amused themselves by watching
these games, which were fights between
armed men, between men and animals,
between women and dwarfs, and between
animals.
Another custom was the triumph, or the parade-like welcome given to a Roman hero returning from battle.

14. In addition, the Romans borrowed Etruscan. symbols of authority
In addition, the Romans borrowed Etruscan symbols of authority. One of these was the fasces, or a bundle of rods bound around an ax that became the symbol of a Roman ruler's power.
The Etruscans built the first temple on the
Capitoline; today, it is the center of Rome’s
municipal, or city, government.
The Romans founded their cities according to a ritual borrowed from the Etruscans. Priests marked where the two main streets would meet and marked it with a stone. The Romans believed the place where the two streets met was the mundus, or the meeting point for the worlds of the living and the dead.
Etruscans played an important role in the development of Roman civilization.