1. Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization & Global Integration

2. Factors Leading to Industrialization
Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean
Access to foreign resources
Geographical distribution of coal, iron, timber
An abundance of rivers and canals
Improved agricultural productivity
European demographic changes
Urbanization
Legal protection of private property
Accumulation of capital

3. Rise of Machines
Steam engines and the internal combustion engine made it possible to exploit energy stored in fossil fuels (coal & oil). Fossil fuels greatly increased energy available to human societies.

4. Rise of Factory System
Development of factory system concentrated labor into a single location and increased specialization of labor.

5. Global Industrialization
Industrialization spread from northwestern Europe (England) to the following regions:
Other parts of Europe
Germany
The United States
Russia
Japan

6. Second Industrial Revolution
Carnegie steel plant, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Industrialization led to new methods in production of steel (above), chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery (interchangeable parts)

7. New Patterns of Global Trade

8. Need for Resources
Growth of specialized export economies. Understand one of the following:
Cotton from Egypt
Rubber from the Congo
Sugar from the Caribbean
Meat from Argentina & Uruguay
Decline of agricultural based economies:
Textile production in India
Silk production in China

9. Demand for new consumer markets
Britain opened up Chinese markets to British goods as a result of the Opium Wars. Other countries, such as France, followed Britain’s lead.

10. Development of new mining centers
Need for specialized metals and global demand for gold, silver, and diamonds led to development of mining centers in South Africa (right Cecil Rhodes founder of De Beers)

11. New financial institutions
Rise of capitalism & liberalism
Adam Smith & John Stuart Mill
Understand one of the following new financial instruments:
Stock markets
Insurance
Gold standard
Limited liability corporations
Rise of transnational businesses
United Fruit Company

12. Major developments in transportation & communication
Required examples of developments in transportation and communication:
Railroads (see map)
Steamships
Canals
Telegraphs

13. State-sponsored visions of industrialization
Understand one of the following state-sponsored visions of industrialization
Economic reforms of Meiji Japan
Development of factories and railroads (railrays?) in Tsarist Russia
China’s Self-Strengthening Movement
Muhammad Ali’s development of cotton textile industry in Egypt

14. Government reforms to mitigate negative effects of industrial capitalism
Understand one of the following government reforms:
State pensions and public health in Germany
Building of welfare state in Bismarck’s Germany
Expansion of suffrage in Britain
Reform Bill of 1832
Women’s suffrage in 1918
Public education in many nations

15. Transformation of social structures in industrialized states
New social classes
Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)
Rise of industrial working class (proletariat)
New family dynamics
New gender roles
Demographic transition
Rapid urbanization led to unsanitary conditions