1. Ground Tissue Lies between the dermal and vascular tissues
Parenchyma – has thin cell walls and large central vacuoles
Collenchyma – has strong, flexible cell walls and is found in larger plants
Sclerenchyma – has extremely thick, rigid cells walls

2. Roots
Types of roots:
Taproot - A thick primary root that grows long and is found mainly in dicots
Fibrous roots – branch extensively and are found mainly in monocots

3. Root Structure & Growth
Root hairs – tiny projections from the epidermis that increases the surface area for absorption of water
Cortex – layer of ground tissue
Endodermis – layer of tissue that encloses the vascular tissue
Root cap – protects the root as it forces its way through the soil

4. Root Structure & Function

5. Root Function Anchor a plant in the ground
Absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil

6. Stem Function & Types Three important functions: Two types:
Produce leaves, branches and flowers
Hold leaves up in the sunlight
Transport substances between roots and leaves
Two types:
Monocot – has vascular bundles that contain the xylem & phloem scattered randomly
Dicot – have vascular bundles organized in a ringlike pattern

7. Stem Structures Nodes – where leaves are attached
Internodes – regions between the nodes
Buds – contain undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves