1. Label and draw in Symplast/Apoplast Pathway

2. Root Hair Cells
Endodermis
Xylem
Cortex
Phloem

3. From Soil to root Apoplast Pathway Symplast Pathway Endodermis Soil
Root hair cell
Cortex
Xylem
Casparian Strip

4. Osmosis Osmosis Osmosis High – Low Water Potential
Minerals actively transported into root hair cell
Low Water Potential
Minerals actively transported into xylem
Low Water Potential

5. 10 minutes

6. Movement of Water Up Stem: Root Pressure
Endodermis moves minerals into xylem (active transport)
Creates water potential gradient
Water is forced into the xylem, and pushed up
Accounts for some of the reason why water moves up xylem – but not all of it

7. Movement of water up a stem: Capillary Action
Forces that hold water together also attract water to the sides of the xylem
This is Adhesion
Xylem vessels are narrow, this attraction can pull water up sides of vessel

8. Movement of water up a stem: Transpiration pull
Water is lost from leaves - this water must be replaced
Water molecules attracted to each other – Cohesion
Hold molecules together in a long column
Column is pulled up where water is lost at the top
Pull = tension, which is why xylem is reinforced
Cohesion-Tension theory

9. Cuticle
Upper Epidermis
Mesophyll cells
xylem/phloem
space
Lower Epidermis
Guard cell
Stoma

10. Water enters leaf from xylem
Water enters cell walls and cytoplasm of mesophyll cells
Water vapour in space
If lower water potential in atmosphere – water lost out of stomata
Transpiration