1. Plant Anatomy
Honors Biology

2. Remember…
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms

3. Types of Tissues in Plants
Epidermis
Function - Protection

4. Types of Tissues in Plants
Ground Tissue
many functions
Food storage
Water storage
Photosynthesis
Think “packing peanuts”
Fills in spaces…

5. Types of Tissues in Plants
Vascular Tissue
Transports Food and Water through a plant’s body
TWO types of vascular tissue
Xylem
Transports water
Up from roots
Phloem
transports food
Down from leaves
Usually found packaged together within a plant

6. Types of Plant Tissues Meristem Tissue Growing tissue of a plant
LOTS of CELL DIVISION occurs in this tissue (MITOSIS)
Allows the plant to grow in height
Found in the tips of shoots
Found in the tips or roots
Allows SOME plants to grow in width
TREES
Found in a cylinder of tissue that surrounds the trunk of a tree

7. ROOTS Functions Anchor Plant to soil
Obtain water and nutrients from soil
Store food

8. Roots Zones of a growing root Root Cap Dead tissue
Protects delicate root tip
Zone of cell division
MITOSIS occurs here
LOTS of new cells
SMALL cells – newly formed
Zone of elongation
Cells grow in SIZE
Zone of maturation
Cells take on a particular JOB
Example: Root hair
Increase surface area to take up water

9. Cross Section through the Middle of a Root
Epidermis
Cortex
Made up mostly of ground tissue
Used for food storage
Vascular Cylinder
Xylem
phloem

11. STEMS Functions Support Leaves
Conduct water and food through the plant
Sometimes store food

12. Two Main Types of Stems Herbaceous Green, soft Small plants
May be monocot or dicot

13. Two Main Types of Stems Woody Non-green, thicker, harder
Grow in WIDTH, not just length
Cambium – meristem tissue that can grow in width
Located between xylem and phloem
Results in Annual Rings
Usually dicot

14. Stem Cross Section - MONOCOT

15. Stem Cross Section - DICOT
Epidermis
Phloem
Cortex
Xylem

16. LEAVES
Function
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

17. Leaf Structure Cuticle Waxy layer – no cells Secreted by epidermis
Prevents WATER LOSS

18. Leaf Structure
Epidermis
Single layer of cells
protection

19. Leaf Structure Mesophyll Palisade Layer Spongy Layer
Where photosynthesis occurs
BIG cells
LOTS of chloroplasts
Spongy Layer
Gas exchange occurs here
CO2 IN; O2 OUT

20. Leaf Structure Lower epidermis Protection Control of water loss
Guard cells and stomata found HERE

21. How Stomata and Guard Cells Work
When conditions are good (lots of water)
Guard cells are TURGID (full of water)
Guard cells OPEN
Allow CO2 in
Water loss is NOT a problem
When conditions are bad (little water)
Guard cells are FLACCID (empty of water)
They CLOSE
Water cannot escape
BUT…CO2 can’t get in… NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

22. Chloroplast
Stomata

23. Plant Activities Transpiration Tropisms Phototropism Geotropism
Plant grows toward LIGHT
Geotropism
Growth in response to GRAVITY
Root grows DOWN
Stem grows UP
Click HERE
for
Plants in Motion