1. RDE Regulation
Commission Meeting

2. RDE Regulation Modification ACEA Analysis Tool (request by JRC)
Input ACEA
Modification ACEA Analysis Tool (request by JRC)
Test results Work Plan testing
Demonstration Random Cycle Generator
Discussion of disadvantages RC identified by the COM
Proposal for a further Test Program and Development of the Random Cycle Procedure until mid of 2012

3. RDE Regulation ACEA Analysis Tool, Modifications Averaging Windows:
- Average window speed [km/h]
- Average window idling duration [%]
- Average window road grade(algorithm to be developed) [m/km]
- Average window positive acceleration [ms-2]
Average window relative positive acceleration [m2s-3]
Average window exhaust temperature [degrees Celsius]
Summary Line:
- Ambient temperature [degrees Celsius]
Average positive road grade [m/m]
- Other exhaust components (HC, CO – according to NOx)
Develop algorithm to encounter problems with raw signal “Road grade”
- Errors because of loss of signal
- Errors because of tunnel
- Errors because of inaccuracy /jumps

4. RDE Regulation ACEA analysis tool modification
Example GPRS signal during PEMS driving
altitude [m]
Time [s]

5. RDE Regulation Work Plan Testing
Comparison NOx emissions of diesel hot start tests
Emission Evaluation: 90% percentile window, window reference kg CO2 NEDC
Compliance Factor 90% percentile window
a_mean_pos [m/s²]

6. RDE Regulation Work Plan Testing
Comparison NOx emissions of diesel hot start tests
Emission Evaluation: averaged emissions during the whole test cycle/ test route
NOx [g/km]
a_mean_pos [m/s²]

7. RDE Regulation
Demonstration Random Cycle Generator

8. RDE Regulation
Demonstration Random Cycle Generator

9. RDE Regulation
MATLAB Tool
To install the MATLAB tool to analyse emission results and to
generate Random Cycles please contact: or

10. RDE Regulation - lab cycles are “known animals” to VMs
Statements by the Commission
Randomisation of various test cycle elements: driving dynamics, ambient conditions (temperature, humidity), pre-conditioning,…
Driving dynamics: large set of “short trips” available from European WLTC database
Evaluation: total emissions or moving window (i.e. multitude of “virtual” test cycles)
Advantages:
- lab cycles are “known animals” to VMs
- all pollutant emissions can be tested without problems
- independence of external conditions
Disadvantages:
- high costs when randomizing ambient conditions
- robustness, cycle beating?
- driveability?
- limited duration

11. RDE Regulation Comparison Workload Random Cycle / PEMS WLTP PEMS Dyno:
Example: BMW Assessment Development Process
Disadvantages:
- high costs when randomizing ambient conditions
- robustness, cycle beating?
- driveability?
- limited duration
WLTP
Certification
In Use
Certification
In Use
PEMS
Dyno
PEMS
Dyno
Dyno
Dyno
PEMS
Validation
Dyno+Temp. Variation
Certification
In Use
Dyno
Dyno
Dyno:
NEDC, internal Cycle, WLTC
Random Cycle
Dyno+Temp. Variation
Workload
Certification
In Use
Dyno+Temp. Variation
Dyno:
NEDC, int Cycle, WLTC
Random Cycle
Dyno
Dyno
Dyno:
NEDC, internal Cycle
Dyno:
NEDC
Engine Bench + Temp. Variation + Altitude
Emgine Bench+ Temp. Variation + Altitude
Engine Bench
Engine Bench
Engine Bench
Engine Bench
up to EU5
EU6
EU6 RDE
EU6 RDE
Random Cycle
PEMS
= Workload Certification and In Use testing

12. RDE Regulation Random Cycle Robustness, Driveability:
Disadvantages:
- high costs when randomizing ambient conditions
- robustness, cycle beating?
- driveability?
- limited duration
Robustness, Driveability:
Emission Measurement:
Lab technology is well known and can be used for all emission components and future low emission and ultra low emission concepts.
Driving Curve:
Drivability is adressed by the calculation steps of the RC (stop duration between the short trips, plateaus for gear shifting …)
Higher driving tolerance should be used than for the NEDC
Deviation between target curve and actual driven curve is an additional element of randomization
Driver could be trained by running a sequence of RC as Pre followed by a measured RC
Duration:
ACEA proposes the definition of a minimum cycle duration but is not fixed on the maximum duration. Provided a min. duration is followed, ACEA assumes that the variation of the cycle length or duration has a minor impact on the emission result (g/km).
ACEA proposes a min. duration of 1400 sec. or a min. length of 12 km.
The final definition of a min./max. test duration/test length should be decided on the basis of a further investigation on a variation of the cycle duration.

13. RDE Regulation Proposal ACEA
Proposal for a further Test Program and Development of the
Random Cycle Procedure until mid of 2012
Validation of the Random Cycle Approach, questions to be adressed:
Does Random Cycle testing deliver comparable driving situations and emission impacts than occurring at PEMS testing?
Are raised Off Cycle Emissions in the same way detected by the Random Cycle than with PEMS?
Is the RC a useful tool to demand emission concepts to cover the whole area of the engine map that can be expected under normal driving? (Prevention of cycle development)
Development of the Random Cycle Approach as a legal test procedure:
Randomization of ambient conditions (boundaries: min./max. temperature)
Randomization of the test duration (boundaries: min./max. duration or test length).
Randomization of the duration and distribution of vehicle stops.
Test sequence, preconditioning?
Gear shift strategy (H. Steven?), Shifting according to GSI?
Emission evaluation method.
Timeline:
The basis concept of a cycle generator is already developed, several parameters are randomized, boundaries can be varied for investigation purposes and final definition.
Aim of the test program should be to validate and further develop the current generator and to define the details (boundaries) needed for a legal procedure.
The test program, consisting of a validation and development part, therefore does not mean a delay in the envisaged timeline to develop the full test procedure until mid 2013.

14. RDE Regulation
Timeline, Proposal ACEA