1. Conventional Silicon Computers Ovonic Cognitive Computer
The OvonicTM Cognitive Computer
The conventional computer and semiconductor industries today face severe problems because they have become cyclical industries. The prospects for future growth and higher margins remain poor and
the need for a fundamental breakthrough has never been greater.
Conventional computers have the limitations shown in the chart. The Ovonic Cognitive Computer provides a basic new approach to computing which solves the problems of conventional computers and opens up an entirely new field beyond the binary paradigm of conventional computers.
Conventional Silicon Computers
Each Element:
Computes based on single bit (binary) manipulation
Manipulates data sequentially, bit by bit
Ovonic Cognitive Computer
Both manipulates and stores information in a non-volatile fashion
Hardware and software become one
Low voltage and low current operation
Performs arithmetic operations(+,-,x,/) on multi-bit numbers (0,1,2,3…n)
Performs modular arithmetic
Executes multi-valued logic
Stores the result in a non-volatile manner
Simple, powerful encryption
Acts as a neuro-synaptic cell; i.e. possesses intelligence capability
Scales down to angstrom scale dimensions; huge density
Less than picosecond speed
Capable of massive parallelism; also addressing different values

2. The OvonicTM Cognitive Computer
Arrays of computation and storage elements are combined in a conventional computer which:
Requires separate storage and processor units or regions
Has limited parallel processing capability
Is limited to Von Neumann operations
An array of Ovonic elements
Easily factors large numbers
Has attributes of quantum computers without their limitations
Performs high level mathematical functions (e.g. vector and array processing)
High 3-dimensional interconnectivity, huge density, giving rise to high speed, hyper-parallel processing (i.e. millions of interconnected processors)
Has adaptive learning capability
Interconnectivity is simply and inherently reconfigurable
The Ovonic Devices are:
Mass produced in exceptionally dense, all thin film, uniquely interconnected arrays
Mass manufactured as a thin film, flexible device using proven technologies
Ovonic “transistor” unique high speed low cost 3 terminal device. Nanostructure capable of carrying large amounts of current
In summary, the Ovonic Cognitive Computer can not only perform the binary functions inherent in conventional, silicon-based computers, but also functions as a non-binary processor capable of manipulating and storing data in high level arithmetic bases (e.g. decimal, hexadecimal, base 8 and many others). Higher level bases provide for operational capabilities according to a multi-valued logic.
The Ovonic Cognitive Computer is the only computer that has adaptive learning and intelligence capability functions.

3. Ovonic Neuronal Memory Increased unique functionality
complementary logic (20-12=8)
200 nsec
Ovonic Neuronal Memory Increased unique functionality
Used only for demonstration in our setup.
When placed in a chip, can be much faster.

4. DIVISION of INTEGERS
Increased
unique functionality

5. FACTORING
Increased unique functionality

6. Neurosynaptic Cell
Ovonic Single and Multiple Cells have the same properties as neurons and biological cells
Output fires when the threshold is reached by summing the inputs

7. NEW FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH TO COMPUTING
THE FIRST NON VON NEUMANN COMPUTER WITH LEARNING ABILITY
First Generation Ovonic Cognitive Computer:
Devices are digital not binary
A single device that can perform mathematical operations offering completely new levels of functionality
Revolutionary ability to perform many unexpected functions in a single sub- micron device made by Ovonic production methods
Much higher storage density
Increased accuracy for large integers (e.g., present computers are up to 32,000, and this one increases to 1010)
Faster computation because of the ability to operate with decimals instead of binary numbers
Single thin-film device in the sub-micron range that incorporates memory, logic and computing, not only binary but higher base arithmetic
Which results in the ability for massive parallelism
Eliminates slow data transfer from RAM to processor

8. THE FIRST NON VON NEUMANN COMPUTER WITH LEARNING ABILITY
(Cont’d)
Devices are non-volatile and radiation hard
Continues to compute after power disruption
Excellent for space and military requirements
Eliminates need for ultra-quality electricity
Completely proprietary
Devices are low voltage
Drastically reduces power requirements and heat generation
Thin-film, lightweight, low cost, manufacturable “chips”
Multi-layer device demonstrated
3-D inter-connectivity
Increases density of storage
Dramatic reduction in size, cost and weight

9. THE FIRST NON VON NEUMANN COMPUTER WITH LEARNING ABILITY
(Cont’d)
Cognitive abilities with similar levels of inter-connectivity as neurons, dendrites and synapsis
I.d., neurosynaptic
self-learning
computer itself is a self-adapting neural net
Proprietary thin-film technology includes new basic types of modulation and switching devices of exceptionally small sizes. It breaks the barriers of size holding back computers by the ability to go down to angstrom dimensions.
Can have both digital and analogue operations
Has attributes of quantum computing, but:
Is reliable in practice
Has robust data retention
Can replace conventional computer
Has all conventional computing functions
Faster, more accurate, smaller lighter, cheaper, more robust

10. THE FIRST NON VON NEUMANN COMPUTER WITH LEARNING ABILITY
(Cont’d)
Plus additional features:
Hardware merges with software - data encryption (double security)
3-D computers
Neurosynaptic processing – has learning and intelligence capability

11. OVONIC COGNITIVE COMPUTER CAPABILITY
We are the originators of amorphous and disordered material devices:
We invented the basic Ovonic chalcogenide devices over 40 years ago
Ovonic optical phase change memory is in world-wide production and is experiencing increased sales
We founded Ovonyx, a Joint Venture with Intel and Tyler Lowrey, former Vice- Chairman and Chief Technology Officer of Micron Technology, for memory applications
We can demonstrate proof-of-concept devices for the new computer
ECD has a world class, clean room laboratory build in One of the most advanced in the world.
We have the fundamental patents
And, we have a proven, experienced team in place
The ability to build these new devices and integrate them into a paradigm changing computer which can be the basis of a new computer industry
Original commercialization will take place with joint venture partners and funding from government and other sources to build a new computer industry

12. These Ovonic memory devices are only shown to illustrate the voltage and current range of the Ovonic Cognitive Computer.

13. Programming Curves for Low Current Device
Resulting Programmed Resistance (Ohms)
Current (mA)
Device Voltage (V)
Programming Current (mA)
These Ovonic memory devices are only shown to illustrate the voltage and current range of the Ovonic Cognitive Computer.

14. These memory devices were cycled for more than 1013 cycles and then taken off the test without failure.

15. Cycle Life > 1013 Write/Erase Cycles
These memory devices were cycled for more than 1013 cycles and then taken off the test without failure.

16. Multi-State Storage
Multiple-bit storage in each memory cell (10 pulses per step, repeated ten times.)

17. Near Ideal Memory Qualities
Non-volatile
High endurance – >1013 demonstrated
Long data retention – >10 years
Static – no refresh overhead penalty
Random accessible – read and write
High switching speed
Non-destructive read

18. Near Ideal Memory Qualities (continued)
Direct overwrite capability
Low standby current (<1mA)
Large dynamic range for data (>40X)
Actively driven digit-line during read
Good array efficiency expected
No memory SER – RAD hard
No charge loss failure mechanisms

19. Highly Scalable Performance improves with scaling
Only lithography limited
Low voltage operation
Multi-state demonstrated
3D multi-layer potential with thin films
Small storage active medium