1. Individual Learning Accounts
Dutch experiences

2. Motives of employees Personal development: 61%
Functioning in present job: 39%
Learning is enjoyable: 11%
Request of employer: 10%
Financial advantage: 9%
Getting promotion: 9%

3. Disadvantages (employers)
Bureaucracy and new rules
Employer less in charge
Absence to average-out budgets
Choice of courses not related to present job

4. Critical points Combination of two systems: demand- and supply driven
Low transparancy of training market for individuals
No long term career perspective employees
No saving perspective, incentives from government needed

5. Research project Does the possession of an ILA influence the:
-attitude
-motivation
-participation
-position labour market

6. Two comparible groups (n=1266)
Initial schooling max. secundary voc. Training
Average age: 38
75% male
ILA of € 450.– (for one group)
Research period: December 2006-March 2008

7. Attitude to learning Variable No ILA (%) ILA (%)
Initiative to follow a course
employee 33 61
employer 29 13
Main reasons for employees with concrete plans
Personal development 58 74
Improvemen t in functioning present job 48 39
Saving for learning 9 14

8. Motivation to learn Variable No ILA (%) ILA (%)
Intention to follow a course
Has no intention, nor has followed 32 15
Intention, not yet followed 24 31
Followed 44 54
Time of the course
During “work time” 36
In “spare time” 49 73

9. Participation Variable No ILA (%) ILA (%) Course followed 44 54
Reasons
Personal development 69 70
Improvemen t functioning in present job 41 34
Improvemen t position labour market 29 37

10. Expectation positionlabour market
Expectation of employees
Improvement salary (%)
Improvement position labour market (%)
No improvement 58 21 ? 25
Improvement 17 54

11. Conclusions (1)
Positive effects on attitude, motivation and participation
Personal development important motive for both groups
Learning for present job more important for employees without ILA
Personal development and career more important for employees with ILA

12. Conclusions (2)
ILA stimulates responsibility and learning in spare time
A minority interested in saving for learning
Improvement position labour market more important than salary