1. Bacteria

2. Pathetic Microbe Games

3. Archaebacteria Live in extreme locations: Oxygen-free environments
Concentrated salt-water
Hot, acidic water

4. Classification (Shape)
Spheres = cocci
Rods= bacilli
Spirals= spirilla
Arrangement:
Chain = Strepto
Cluster = Staphylo
Pair = diplo

5. Classification (Oxygen)
Obligate anaerobe: cannot live in the presence of oxygen.
Obligate aerobe: must have oxygen to survive.
Facultative aerobe: can live with or without oxygen.

6. Classification by Energy Source
Heterotrophs
Requires an external source of food
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Make food from light
Chemosynthetic autotrophs
Make food from chemicals (sulfur, nitrogen)

7. Movement in Bacteria
Some have one or more flagella (long, whip-like structures)
Some have cilia (short, hair-like structures).
Some don’t move.

8. Structure of Bacteria DNA is loose in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes
Outside the membrane is a cell wall
Some have an outer capsule

9. Other Structures Pili Capsule Plasmid Protein appendages
Used in conjugation
Adhere bacteria to surfaces
Capsule
Plasmid
Extra circle of DNA

10. Reproduction
Binary fission: (asexual) DNA replicates and the cell divides
Conjugation: (sexual) DNA is transferred from one bacterial cell to another through pili.
spores: specialized cell with a thick, protective wall. Produced under harsh conditions. Very difficult to destroy.

11. Growth Grow very rapidly: some double every 20 minutes
What bacteria need to grow:
nutrients
Space
Temperature
Moisture

12. What Kills Bacteria? Antibiotics UV radiation Salinity Heat
pH (acidic or alkaline)

13. Antibiotics Kill bacteria, do not harm human cells
Some destroy bacteria (damage cell wall).
Some slow bacteria growth (inhibit DNA synthesis)
Do not work on viruses

14. Antibiotic Resistance
Bacteria that are resistant to an antibiotic survive, reproduce.
Caused by:
overuse (used for minor infections)
underuse (don’t complete antibiotic treatment)
misuse (used when not needed)

15. 1. A bacterium carries genes for antibiotic resistance.
2. Genes are transferred through conjugation.
3. Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce (make more resistant bacteria)

17. Benefits of Bacteria Break down or decompose wastes.
Nitrogen fixation.
Used to digest food.
Clean up oil spills.
Make yogurt and cheese.
Fight disease-causing bacteria.