1. Thorax
Surface features
Thoracic wall
Thoracic cavity

2. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)

5. Surface Landmarks

6. Boundaries of the thorax
Superior
jugular notch, sternoclavicular joint, superior border of clavicle, acromion, spinous processes of C7
Inferior
xiphoid process, costal arch, 12th and 11th ribs, vertebra T12

9. Thorax Muscles: Intrinsic
Intercostales externi
Origin: lower border of rib
Insertion: upper border of rib below origin
Action: elevate ribs adding in forced inspiration
Intercostales interni
Origin: upper border of rib
Insertion: lower border of rib above origin
Action: depress ribs for forced expiration

10. Diaphragm Shape and position: Origin Insertion
dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen, consists of a peripheral muscular part and a central tendon
Origin
Sternal part: xiphoid process
Costal part: lower six and costal cartilages
Lumbar part: arises from upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae
Insertion
central tendon

11. sternum
Ribs

12. Inspiration
movements of:
Diaphragm
Sternum
Ribs

17. Development of serousal cavities

22. Pneumo-thorax
Lung: collapse

23. Hemo-thorax

24. Pneumothorax

25. Intercostal space