1. Wireless Ad Hoc Network
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Electrical Engineering Department
EE 400 – Communication Networks
Wireless Ad Hoc Network
Done By
Sultan A. Al-Ghamdi ( )
Feras Al-Shahwan ( )

2. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

3. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

4. Independent Basic Service Set
Introduction
Wireless Network Topology
Independent Basic Service Set
Basic Service Set

5. Introduction What is Ad hoc Networks?
Peer to peer communication by use of Wi-Fi technology without passing through an access point (AP)

6. Introduction Why Ad hoc Networks? No infrastructure needed
Can be deployed quickly, where there is no wireless communication infrastructure present
Can act as an extension to existing networks
Cost-effective
Adaptive computing and self-configuring

7. IEEE802.11 standards Wi-Fi 802.11a/g) Wi-Fi (802.11b) Freature
Wireless LAN
Primary Application
2.4 GHz ISM (g) 5 GHz U-NII(a)
2.4 GHz ISM
Frequency Band
20 MHz
25 MHz
Channel Bandwidth
Half
Half/Full Duplex
OFDM (64-channels)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Radio Technology
<=2.7 bps/Hz
<=0.44 bps/Hz
Bandwidth Efficiency
BPSK, QPSK,16-, 64-QAM
QPSK
Modulation
Convolution Code
None
FEC
Optional- RC4 (AES in i)
Encryption
In development
Mobility
Vendor Proprietary
Mesh
CSMA/CA
Access Protocol

8. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

9. Open System Interconnection Model

10. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

11. Physical Layer Function Types of Modulation
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM)

12. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

13. Datalink layer Functions
Ensures that data is transferred correctly between adjacent network nodes
Detect and correct errors that may occur in the Physical layer.
Protocols
The Logical Link Control layer (LLC)
provides multiplexing and flow control mechanisms that make it possible for multi network protocols to correlate with multipoint network
The Media Access Control layer (MAC)
The carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance method (CSMA/CA)
Point Coordination Function (PCF)

14. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

15. Network Layer Functions
performs the process of exchanging information from one node to the other nodes of the network.
Protocols
Pro-active routing protocol (table-driven)
on demand routing protocol
Adaptive routing (situation-aware)
Flooding routing protocol
Deflection routing protocol

16. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

17. Transport Layer
Functions
The purpose of this layer is manipulating two processes in two different nodes.
Protocols
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP is a message-based connectionless protocol.
no effort to set up a reserved end-to-end connection.
Communication is done by transmitting information in one direction
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP is a connection oriented service
TCP Provides reliable byte stream between two processes in two different machines.
Sequence number is attached to keep a track to ingoing and outgoing packets.
TCP protocols ensure that the data transfer is guaranteed.

18. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

19. Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Scalability:
To scale up a wireless infrastructure network, the number of APs is increased to expand the coverage area or to increase the capacity
In ad hoc networks, it depends on the routing protocol
Flexibility:
Operation of infrastructure networks is very expensive
Ad hoc network is very flexible
Controllability:
Infrastructure network centrally controlled and synchronized
In ad hoc networks there is no centralized administration
Therefore, infrastructure network is more controllable than ad hoc
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20. Comparison of Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Routing Complexity:
In ad hoc network, each node must act a router. There is a need for routing algorithms that directs the info to the appropriate next hop
This problem does not exist in infrastructure network
Coverage:
In ad hoc, coverage of the network is an issue of concern
The max distance between two nodes is the max transmission range of the nodes
In infrastructure network, two nodes communicate through AP
The max distance is twice range of the coverage of a single wireless modem
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21. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

22. Applications and future implantation
Personal area networking
cell phone, laptop, ear phone, wrist watch
Military environments
soldiers, tanks, planes
Civilian environments
taxi cab network
meeting rooms
sports stadiums
boats, small aircraft
Emergency operations
search-and-rescue
policing and fire fighting
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23. OUTLINE Introduction IEEE802.11 standards
Open system interconnection model
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Comparsion Between Ad hoc and Infrastructure Network Topologies
Applications and future implantation
Conclusion

24. Conclusion Ad hoc network is infrastructure less networks
Based on Wi-Fi technology
Good solution for temporary application
Cost efficient.