1. Operation Market Garden - “A Gamble”
9/17/ /25/1944
by Shirui H, Alex K, Labib J, Thomas J

2. Before we start . . .
As we move along, think about why do we do call this operation a “gamble”. We will ask you this question in the end.

3. Thesis
Operation Market Garden, known to be the largest airborne operation in WWII was executed by the Allies in Holland with the goal to end the war faster by striking into the Ruhr, however due to the bad plannings, problems in coordinated efforts and the slow advance of the land forces, the Allies ultimately lost to the Germans, resulting in Allies’ heavy casualties and extending the period of the war.

4. Map
(Jordan)

5. Overview Analysis: Allies want to end war faster
Allies thought: Christmas 1944
Delays in capturing bridge
Losses to Allies
Most airborne tech operation
German Victory (Cooke and Sarah)
(The History Place)
Why did the Western Allies want to get to Berlin faster according to your Keylor reading?
British field marshal Bernard Montgomery believed that he could “bring peace by Christmas”, where have you heard this before?

6. Timeline of the Operation Market Garden
Only 9 days long….
Sept 17: plan for Operation passed
Sept. 17: Landing on Nijimen
Sept. 18: Sun Bridge was rebuilt
Sept. 20:Lost Frost bridge
Sept : 3500 survivors from the 20,000
Sept. 25: withdraw
-Only 2,300 survivors
Allies lost, Axis won
Sept. 17: Couldn’t advance on the Arnheim Bridge
Sept. 19: Failed officially to cross Arnheim Bridge
Sept: 20: Soilders crossed Nijimen River
Sept. 17: Landing on Eindhoven
Information is from (Cooke and Sarah)

7. Power Allies: Axis: UK, US, Canada, Poland, Netherland Germany
men: 150, men: 89,000
tanks: tanks: 145
planes: planes: 150

8. Key figures (The Allies)
British Field Marshal Montgomery: takes command of Allied
ground forces, made this plan despite warnings
Who does this sound like?
American general Eisenhower: the supreme Allied commander,
sending the U.S. troops to support the plan though not completely
pleased by this plan

9. Key figures (The Allies)
Frederick Browning: the British commander of I Airborne
Corps, seized key bridges, warned Montgomery that the
bridge in Arnhem was too far

10. Key figures (The Axis)
Gerd von Rundstedt: Field Marshal of Germany, commanded the German troops against Allied invasion

11. Thesis
Operation Market Garden, known to be the largest airborne operation in WWII was executed by the Allies in Holland with the goal to end the war faster by striking into the Ruhr, however due to the bad plannings, problems in coordinated efforts and the slow advance of the land forces, the Allies ultimately lost to the Germans, resulting in Allies’ heavy casualties and extending the period of the war.

12. Settling the Plan
Eisenhower overestimated Allied supplies - hard to defeat Germany before 1945 (Cooke and Sarah)
Need to concentrate at one narrow part of the front line
Chose Montagomery’s plan (though very complex)
Lack of time to finalize plans

13. The Plan There are two parts: Market and Garden
Market: massive airborne assault by the Anglo-US troops from Eindhoven to Arnhem.
Garden: British XXX Corps break German defenses on the ground, relieving airborne forces.
Utimate goal: get to Arnhem to outflank the northern part of
the Siegfried Line in order to invade the Ruhr
Where did we learn about the usage of coordinated effort
in an attack?
Why is Ruhr SO IMPORTANT according to your Keylor reading?
Where did we learn about invading industrial land in a war?
Where did we learn about the use of Pincer Attack? (hint: Red Army)
(OPERATION MARKET GARDEN)

14. Problems at the Start
Airborne landing has to be accurate so the bridges could be quickly captured
Land advance need to be rapid to relieve the isolated troops holding the bridges
Only some of the troops could be dropped on the first day
The fine weather did not held for three days Montgomery needed.
Ignoring reports about the refitting German Panzer Division

15. (Chen)
(Arnhem)
1st pic: These are the allied planes that deployed paratroopers on netherland 2nd pic: these tanks were used to take control of bridges

16. Problems at the Start
The Germans discovered the ally plan of the whole operation in the beginning in a crushed glider
So . . .
Bad Landing
1st pic: The germans are shooting down allied planes in order to slow the flood of paratroopers
2nd pic: the allied plan was found in one of these gliders
(Chen) for both

17. Thesis
Operation Market Garden, known to be the largest airborne operation in WWII was executed by the Allies in Holland with the goal to end the war faster by striking into the Ruhr, however due to the bad plannings, problems in coordinated efforts and the slow advance of the land forces, the Allies ultimately lost to the Germans, resulting in Allies’ heavy casualties and extending the period of the war.

18. The Air (Market)
Paratroopers landed near Eindhoven, Nijmegen, and Arnhem
Goal: quickly capture the bridges and wait for the land forces
In Eindhoven, US paratroopers met little resistance and easily captured the four bridges (Mavrikis)
In Nijmegen, met heavy German defense
Lost radio communication (blocked by trees)
(Operation Market Garden)

19. The Air (Market) - Cont.
The chief target: the highway bridge in Arnhem
British 2nd Parachrute Brigade controlled the bridge’s north and awaited reinforcements
Germans started their heavy resistance (bombardment) - the Panzer Divisions
No heavy equipment
Reinforcements cannot get into the city (Keegan)
Third landing canceled (weather)
(Chen)

20. The Land (Garden)
From Dutch border, heading first for Eindhoven (the nearest)
Met heavy German fighting, advancing very slow (. . . plan?)
Confined to a single road (inunfated fields) (Polmar)
Bad terrain
Crawled only as far as Nijmegen (. . . so?)
Sun Bridge after Germans bombed it to deny its usefulness to them.
(Chen)

21. Aftermath The 2 Para with no ammunition and a number
of 140, surrendered - lost Arnhem bridge
Germans turn attention to Nijmegen
8 days after attack, all paratroopers were
ordered to withdraw across the Lower Rhine,
only 2000 men made it
(“RHINE”)

22. Impacts The war would not end in late 1944
German resistance was stiffening all along the front
Heavy casualities
One of the most unsuccessful battle using paratroopers in WWII
Why is this Operation considered a gamble?

23. Works Cited
Axelrod, Alan. “Operation Market-Garden.” Encyclopedia of World War II, Vol. 2, Facts On File, History,
online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=150531&itemid=WEHRC&articleId= Accessed 1 May 2018.
Chen, C. Peter. “World War II Database.” WW2DB RSS,
Cooke, Tim, and Sarah Halliwell. The New Grolier Encyclopedia of World War II. Danbury, Grolier Educational, 2001.
Jordan, Neil. “Manston's Role in Operation Market Garden, 17th September 1944.” Supporters of Manston Airport, 4 Oct. 2016,
Keegan, John. The Second World War. New York, Viking Penguin Books, 1990.
Linden, Peter van der. Brief Chronology of Operation Market-Garden, 2 Sept. 2017,
Mavrikis, Peter, editor. History of World War II. Vol. 3, New York, Marshall Cavendish, 2005.
“OPERATION MARKET GARDEN.” Few Papers Written by Me, mehdidocs.blogspot.com/2011/10/operation-market-garden.html.
Polmar, Norman, and Thomas B. Allen. World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years Dover ed., Mineola, Dover
Publications, 2012.
“RHINE RIVER FACTS.” TAUCK,