1. WWII fought in the Pacific Ocean from 1942-1943
The Pacific Theatre
WWII fought in the Pacific Ocean from

2. Turning the Tide In the Pacific
The turning point for the Americans against the Japanese was at Midway (June 1942)
Japan sought to destroy this naval base and control the Pacific

3. Turning the Tide In the Pacific
US Navy, led by Adm. Chester Nimitz, decoded Japanese Messages and knew their plans
Heavily outnumbered Americans ambush the Japanese fleet

5. Turning the Tide In the Pacific
Midway
Decisive American victory
4 Japanese carriers destroyed; their navy/air force crippled
3,000+ Japanese killed; compared to 300+ Americans

6. Allies on the Offensive
August 1942 – U.S. troops stormed Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands  (1st Japanese defeat on land)
Island-hopped back to the Philippines in Oct 1944
“People of the Philippines: I have returned.” - MacArthur

7. Turning the Tide In the Pacific
US would begin a strategy of “island hopping” to Japan
Taking islands from Japanese control and converting them into US bases

8. WWII
The Home Front

9. Mobilizing for war! WPB – War Production Board
Converted peace time industry to war industry
Govt controlled industry to ensure there were sufficient war materials
Ford made tanks and bombers
The WPB directed conversion of industries from peacetime work to war needs, allocated scarce materials, established priorities in the distribution of materials and services, and prohibited nonessential production.[3] It rationed such commodities as gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, paper[4] and plastics

10. This “production miracle” allowed the Allies to produce twice as much as the Axis Powers
“To American production, without which the war would have been lost” -- Stalin

11. New Economic Opportunities
Opened up opportunities for women
¾ women in war industries were married
60% were over 35yrs/old
Broke social norms
The WPB demanded a high amount of labor, but many men were in the armed forces
Rosie the Riveter was a symbol of the new woman. Working, tough, and independent

12. New Economic Opportunities
Women worked in blue collar (industrial jobs)
Would lose these jobs when men returned from war
Women also worked in white collar (secretarial/clerical jobs)
Many women kept these jobs after the war

13. New Economic Opportunities
Children’s lives were changed by women working
With moms and dads both working, family income increased
Relationships changed
Day care centers emerged for 1st time

14. Warm up What ethnicity do you think the grocery store owner is?
Why do you think this store owner put this sign up?
What does it tell you about some of the white Americans who lived in this neighborhood?

15. New Economic Opportunities
African Americans faced discrimination
“Double V”
Victory at home
Against discrimination
Victory abroad
Against the Axis
Led by A. Philip Randolph

16. New Economic Opportunities
A. Philip Randolph presented FDR with a list of demands to end discrimination in federal programs
Executive Order fair hiring practices in federal govt jobs

17. New Economic Opportunities
NAACP and CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) continue to fight for African Americans
Use non-violence to protest segregation
Bracero Program
Brought Mexican workers to work on farms

18. Discrimination Minority migration leads to racial violence
1943 Detroit- a riot broke out between blacks and whites
34 die, federal troops have to stop the rioting
Whites were upset that black were moving into neighborhoods near them
At the time, white commissions attributed the cause of the riot to black hoodlums and youths. The NAACP identified deeper causes: a shortage of affordable housing, discrimination in employment, lack of minority representation in the police, and white police brutality

19. Workers On the Move Mexican Americans faced similar problems
Zoot-suit Riots (June 1943):
Mobs would roam LA searching for these zoot suiters and attack them
Language issues and poverty made them stand out
Local papers framed the racial attacks as a vigilante response to an immigrant crime wave, and police generally restricted their arrests to the Latinos who fought back.

20. The US Government Mistreats Minorities
Exec Order 9066
The Pres. Could declare any area as a war zone
Japanese-Americans forced to sell their land, leave the west coast
Racism, lack of representation, and fear are the reasons

21. The US Government Mistreats Minorities
These Japanese were placed into internment camps
Food supply, education, and health care were lacking in these camps
Korematsu v. US- Supreme Court stated that this was all legal during war

22. Supporting the War Effort
War raised debt by $200 billion+
Americans paid taxes and bought war bonds to help pay for the war
The OPA would:
set price maximums and control wages

23. The Media Boosts Morale
Office of War Information (OWI) used to boost civilian morale
Used media to remind people why we are fighting
Pop culture stars volunteered time to promote the war