1. Sports Medicine
Thermal Modalities

2. Discussion Scenario
A baseball pitcher iced his L shoulder after he finished pitching. After 20 minutes of icing, his shoulder had turned red and was cold to the touch. The bag of ice had started to melt.
Describe the transfer of heat that occurred.
Be prepared to share your answers with the class.

3. Objectives Identify the methods of thermal energy transmission
Identify the factors that affect thermal energy transfer

4. Terminology
Conduction: heat transfer that occurs when objects are in direct contact
Convection: heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids or gases
Conversion: heat transfer that occurs as energy is changed from one form to another
Radiation: heat transfer that occurs through space from one object to another

5. Heat Transfer Principle
Heat is always transferred from the warmer object to the colder object.

6. Conduction
Heat transfer that occurs when objects are in direct contact with each other.
Example: moist heat pack on a shoulder
How is heat transferred in this example?

7. Think-Pair-Share
Think of 2 examples of how heat is transferred by conduction. Share your answers with a partner; listen while he/she shares.
3. Think-pair-share
teacher presents a question
teacher gives wait time for student to form answer
teacher instructs students to share their answer with a partner
teacher calls on non-volunteers to share with the class

8. Convection
Convection is a method of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids or gases.
Example: an athlete’s ankle in a cold whirlpool
How is heat transferred in the example?

9. Think-Pair-Share
Think of 2 examples of how heat is transferred by convection. Share your answers with a partner; listen while he/she shares.
3. Think-pair-share
teacher presents a question
teacher gives wait time for student to form answer
teacher instructs students to share their answer with a partner
teacher calls on non-volunteers to share with the class

10. Conversion
Conversion is a form of energy transfer that occurs when energy is generated from sound, electricity or chemical means and transferred into heat energy.
Example: ultrasound application over an athlete’s quadriceps
How is heat transferred in the example?

11. Radiation
Radiation occurs as heat is transferred from one object through space to another object.
Example: shortwave diathermy treatment for an athlete’s back
How is heat transferred in the example?

12. Factors influencing heat transfer
The temperature difference between the two tissues.
(Bigger differential leads to higher transfer of energy)
The length of treatment time.
(The longer the exposure, the greater the transfer)
The conductive properties of the area.
(Fat is an insulator and takes longer to heat/cool; muscle has a high water content and is a good conductor of heat/cold)