1. CPSC 388 – Compiler Design and Construction
Midterm Review

2. History and Basics of Programming Languages
Advances in Programming languages
Imperative and Declarative Languages
Static/Dynamic Distinction
Environments and States
Static Scope and Block Structure
Explicit Access Control
Dynamic Scope
Parameter Passing
Aliasing

3. Software
Make
JLex
Java_cup
Java
Javac

4. Structure of Compiler
Compilers Translate Source Language to Target Language
Compilers have several steps
Scanner
Parser
Semantic Analyzer
Intermediate Code Generator
Optimizer
Code Generator
Symbol Table Used To Keep Track of Names Used in Program
Front End and Back End Simplify Compiler Design
Introduction of new languages
Introduction of new hardware

5. Scanning
General: what does a scanner do; how does it fit into the design of a compiler?
Underlying Model: Finite-State Machines
Implementing a Scanner using a transition table
Specification of a scanner:
Regular Expressions
JLex Specifications

6. Finite State Machines Deterministic Finite State Machine
Non-deterministic Finite State Machine
Conversion from NFA to DFA

7. Regular Expressions, Regular Definitions, and JLex
Syntax and semantics of RE
Base operators and extended operators
Character Classes
Conversion from RE to NFA
JLex specification
Use of RE
Associated Action
Macros
Matching rules

8. Context-Free Grammars
Leftmost, Rightmost derivations
Parse Trees
Expression Grammars
Precedence
Associativity
List Grammars
Ambiguous Grammars
Recursive Grammars (left recursive, right recursive)

9. Syntax-Directed Translation
“plain” translations
Writing rules of the form S1.trans=…
Java_cup translations
Using “:xx” to name the translation associated with a symbol defining translations by assigning to RESULT

10. Parsing, LL(1) and LALR(1) grammars
General: what does a parser do; how does it fit into the design of a compiler?
Top-Down Parsing
predictive parsing (using a stack and a parse table)
left factoring
removing left recursion
First and Follow sets (how to compute and why they are important)
building the parse table

11. Textbook Sections Covered
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 3 Lexical Analysis
3.1, 3.3, 3.6, 3.7.1, 3.7.4
Chapter 4 Syntax Analysis
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.8,
Chapter 5 Syntax-Directed Translation
5.1, 5.2, 5.3