1. UNIT 3: ANATOMY OF MAMMALS (Specializing in Humans)

2. Can we think of more examples?
Structure  Function
Everywhere you look, the structure of things are directly related to their function.
How is the structure of the spoon related to its function?
Can we think of more examples?
Every structure in a living thing has an important function. The function relies on the structure!

3. Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy: Physiology:
STRUCTURE
Anatomy:
the shape and arrangement of the parts that make up an organism.
Physiology:
how the different parts of the organism works.
FUNCTION

4. The Organization of a Human:
We will be learning about the anatomy and physiology of HUMAN SYSTEMS!

5. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#1
Nervous System
The reason we can physically “feel” things.
A network of cells specialized to detect, interpret, and respond to events occurring inside and outside of the body.
Very complex.
Includes the brain & spinal chord.
Have you ever accidentally put your hand on something really hot (like a stovetop), removed your hand, and THEN felt pain?
Why do you think your body reacted in this way?

6. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#2
Endocrine System
Very complex.
Regulates hormones
Metabolism (how fast your body can use food)
Sexual function
Sleep
Mood
PMS?
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Urinary System
Integumentary system
Immune & Lymphatic system
Reproductive system

7. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#3
Skeletal System
Includes:
Bones
Connective tissue
Ligaments
Cartilage
Protect soft organs
Points of attachment for muscles
Can you think of any bones that protect soft organs?

8. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#4
Muscular System
Skeletal muscles
Move the skeleton
Smooth muscles
Enable movement within organs
Cardiac muscles
Enables heart to beat
Can you think of any organs that need to “move” in order to function?
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Urinary System
Integumentary system
Immune & Lymphatic system
Reproductive system

9. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#5
Digestive System
Breaks down food into the molecules that they are made of.
Body’s cells use these molecules for:
Energy
Building blocks
Anything that can’t be used is eliminated from the body***
***Can you think of a plant macromolecule that we can’t digest?
It IS eliminated by the body but is very important… WHY?

10. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#6
Urinary System
Filters and excretes dissolved waste molecules from blood.
A build-up of waste molecules in the body can be dangerous!
Balances:
Amount of water pH
Blood pressure
The colour of your urine can tell you how well your urinary system is working.
*** With some exceptions***

11. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#7
Integumentary System
Components:
Skin
Protects the body
Hair
Regulates Temperature
Hair on your head
Armpit hair
Keeps “bad stuff” out.
Nails
Why do we have hair inside of our nostrils?

12. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#8
Immune / Lymphatic System
Protects your body from infection, injury, and cancer
Very complex
Works hard when you are sick
Have your “lymph nodes” ever been swollen when you were sick?

13. Humans have 11 Organ Systems#9
Circulatory System
Transports important substances throughout the body:
Food molecules
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Can you remember the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

14. Humans have 11 Organ Systems
#10
Respiratory System
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the atmosphere.
Oxygen is needed to release energy into body cells during cellular respiration.
Carbon dioxide is a waste product formed during cellular respiration.
Why do you breath faster when exercising?

15. Humans have 11 Organ Systems
#11
Reproductive System
Includes organs that make and transport sperm and eggs, as well as enable the female to give birth.
Recall the following terms:
Germ Cell
Gamete
Zygote