1. Active Transport

2. It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _______________.
Low
High
Active Transport

3. Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient. Active transport requires ____________.
AGAINST
ENERGY

4. high
concentration
low
concentration

5. The energy for active transport comes from ______ (Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria.
ATP

6. This process requires specialized proteins, which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it.
Carrier

7. Example:
Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.

9. Summary of Passive and Active Transport:
&
Osmosis
GREAT
PICTURE

10. Thus, far we have talked about the movement of __________ particles traveling across the membrane.
Small

11. However, __________ particles are able to cross to and do so by any of these four active transport processes:
Large
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis

12. Root
Greek or Latin meaning
Endo-
inside, within
Exo-
external, out
Phago-
eat
Pino-
drink

13. Endocytosis vs Exocytosis:
BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY
Large particles are transported across the
membrane in membrane bound vesicles.

14. Endocytosis:
The process where a cell surrounds and takes _____ material from its environments.
The particle does not pass through the membrane, it is simply __________ and enclosed in
engulfed

15. Exocytosis:
The reverse process where materials are ______________ or secreted from a cell.
This is used to ____________ and secreted substances (hormones) produced by the cell.
expelled
rid wastes

16. When exocytosis is getting rid of cell wastes, the process is called ___________
When exocytosis is pushing useful substances out of the cell, then the process is known as ____________
excretion
secretion

17. Endocytosis
Exocytosis

18. Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis
Both take materials IN

19. Pinocytosis: (DRINKS) pinches liquids
Pinocytosis is when the cell ________.
Pinocytosis deals with __________.
Pinocytosis is a process that is happening all of the time.
The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell.
pinches
liquids

20. Pinocytosis

21. Phagocytosis: engulfs solids lysosome cells
Phagocytosis is when the cell _______
Phagocytosis deals with _________.
Once the vesicle has formed, it travels into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with ___________ that will kill and digest the engulfed material.
Phagocytosis is process the human body uses to destroy dead or foreign _______.
engulfs
solids
lysosome
cells

22. Phagocytosis
Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells

23. Phagocytosis movie
Phagocytosis 2 movie