1. Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups
Mrs. Hilliard

2. Vocabulary Words for Quiz
Asexual Reproduction
Clone
Sexual Reproduction
Homologous Pair (chromosome)
Mitosis
Meiosis
Gene
Binary Fission
Trait
Chromosome
Transcription
Sister Chromatids-2 identical copies of a chromatid that contains same genes and alleles (both strands of a chromosome)
Translation
Codon
mRNA (messenger RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.

3. Vocabulary Words for Quiz
Binary Fission- A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size.
Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Gene- A segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein.
Chromosome- The structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is made up of DNA and protein.
Trait- A genetically determined characteristic.
Transcription- The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template (DNA to RNA).
Sister Chromatids-2 identical copies of a chromatid that contains same genes and alleles (both strands of a chromosome)
Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite.
Translation-The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and uses codons in mRNA to specify the sequence of amino acids.
Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.
Mitosis- A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
Clone- An organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from which it was derived.
Codon- A 3 nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid of signifies a start or stop signal.
Meiosis- A process of cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions, produces sex cells.
Homologous Pair (chromosome)- Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, the same structure, and pair during meiosis.
mRNA (messenger RNA)- A single stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein.
tRNA (transfer RNA)- An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation.

4. Reproduction Warm Up What are the stages of Meiosis?
What types of cells undergo Mitosis? Meiosis?
What types of organisms reproduce asexually?
What is an advantage of reproducing asexually? Sexually?

5. Reproduction Review What are gametes?
Mitosis is what type of reproduction?
What type of reproduction produces gametes?
What type of reproduction produces offspring that are different from parents?
What type of reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parents?
What type of reproduction occurs in your body cells?
In this type of reproduction, mutations leads to genetic variation.
How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?
This type of reproduction is fast, easy, and allows the population to grow quickly.
In what type of reproduction do the parent cells donate half their genetic information?
This type of reproduction increases the genetic variation in a population.

6. Reproduction Warm Up Where are genes located?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis?
How many chromosomes are found in the daughter cells at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis?
When does your body undergo asexual reproduction?

7. Reproduction Transcribe the DNA sequence into mRNA.
ATC CGG CTT GTA AGT TGA
Translate the mRNA sequence into tRNA.
Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA.
List the differences between DNA and RNA.

10. Reproduction The cell below is in what phase of division?
What is the name of the phase the following cell is in?
What phase is the following cell undergoing?
At what stage in division is the following cell?
What type of reproduction is shown in the photos?
Do the 4 pictures represent Mitosis or Meiosis?

11. DNA and RNA
In DNA, adenine is equal to thymine and guanine is equal to _________.
What is a DNA molecule made up of?
During transcription, what is made from the DNA?
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies an amino acid is called a ________.
Replicate the following DNA sequence. TTA GGC CTA
Use the Replicated DNA to make the mRNA.
Use the mRNA to make tRNA.
Use the mRNA sequence to determine the amino acids.

12. Reproduction List the correct stages for each of the following cells.
What is the correct order of the following pictures?

13. Reproduction
If diploid cells are called somatic cells (body cells), then what are haploid cells called?
What is the end result of mitosis?
What is the end result of meiosis?
What is DNA made up of?
What is RNA made up of?
What is the amount of cytosine always equal to? Thymine?
In RNA, what is adenine complementary to?
During transcription, what happens?
During translation what happens?

14. Reproduction
What is the name for the nucleotide triplet sequence of mRNA?
If transcription was blocked, what else would not happen?
What will a change in the DNA bases that code for a protein do?
What is the sequence for making proteins?
What do chains of amino acids make up?
What is the genetic material that provides the instructions for making proteins?

15. Unit 4 Vocabulary Words Recessive Crossing Over Insertion Dominant
Codominance
Frameshift mutation
Phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
Nondisjunction
Genotype
Allele
Genetic Engineering
Homozygous
DNA fingerprinting
Heterozygous
Electrophoresis
Independent assortment
Gene therapy
Recombinant DNA
Segregation- separation of chromosomes and alleles
Stem cell
Cloning
DNA sequencing
Mutation
Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.
Deletion
Substitution