1. Winter Counts (a closer look) – PowerPoint II
You will be shown textual representations of
winter count images.
Draw an image of the event described.
Compare/contrast your drawing with the original keeper of the winter count.
Good Luck!
The Lone Dog Winter Count
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2. Winter Count: Cloud Shield (1840 – 1841)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Cloud Shield (1840 – 1841)
They stole many horses from the Snakes [Shoshoni].
American Horse says that his father, Sitting Bear, and others stole 200 horses from the Flatheads (Corbusier 1886:140). American Horse has this for , too. ?
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3. Winter Count: Flame (1843 – 1844)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Flame (1843 – 1844)
Buffalo is scarce; an Indian makes
medicine and brings them to the suffering.
Mato Sapa says: Dakotas were starving; made medicine to Great Spirit by painting buffalo head on their lodges; plenty came (Mallery 1886:118-19). ?
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4. ? Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Swan (1859 – 1860)
A Minneconjou Dakota, named Big Crow,
was killed by the Crow Indians.
Notes: He had received his name from killing a Crow Indian of unusual size (Mallery 1886:123). Several other calendars record this man's death. ?
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5. Winter Count: : Battiste Good (1877 – 1878)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: : Battiste Good (1877 – 1878)
Crazy Horse came to make peace and
was killed with his hands stretched out winter.
Notes: This refers to the well-known killing of the chief Crazy Horse while a prisoner (Mallery 1893:327). The Oglala warrior was killed when taken into custody at Fort Robinson, Nebraska. ?
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6. Winter Count: Long Soldier (1880 – 1881)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Long Soldier (1880 – 1881)
Soldiers fired into Sioux and captured Indians.
Infantry, artillery and cavalry represented. ?
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7. Winter Count: Rosebud (1880 – 1881)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Rosebud (1880 – 1881)
Children sent to school.
Notes: Battiste Good records this event for the previous year, as do the counts of Firethunder and Wounded Bear. This may note the first time Sicangu children were sent to school, as indicated by the human figures inside a log building. ?
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8. ? Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Cloud Shield (1788 – 1789)
The winter was so cold that crows froze to death.
Several counts mark this year when the winter was so cold, crows froze, including Rosebud, Flame, Good and White Cow Killer. White Cow Killer calls it "Many-black-crows-died winter" (Corbusier 1886:132). American Horse and
No Ears mark it for the following
year ?
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9. Winter Count: : Lone Dog (1800 – 1801)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: : Lone Dog (1800 – 1801)
Thirty Dakotas were killed by Crow Indians.
Notes: The device consists of thirty parallel lines in three columns, the outer lines being united. In this chart, such black lines always signify the death of Dakotas killed by their enemies. The Absaroka or Crow tribe, although belonging to the Siouan [language] family, has nearly always been at
war with the Dakotas. ?
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10. ? Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Lone Dog (1803 – 1804)
They stole some "curly horses" from the Crows.
Notes: Some of these horses are still on the plains, the hair growing in closely curling tufts. The device is a horse with black marks for the tufts. The
Crows are known to have been early
in the possession of horses
(Mallery 1893:273). ?
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11. Winter Count: Flame (1813-1814)
Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Winter Count: Flame ( )
Many Indians died of cold (consumption)
(Mallery 1886:108).
Notes: Most accounts agree that the disease was whooping cough. The discrepancy between diseases may simply be one of translation. Some diseases were new to the Indians, having been brought to North America inadvertently by Europeans. ?
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12. Winter Counts (a closer look) - PowerPoint
Content provided by:
Smithsonian: Natural Museum of Natural History
Lakota Winter Counts -An Online Exhibit-
Lesson and PowerPoint provided by:
South Dakota Office of Indian Education
& South Dakota Public Broadcasting
The Lone Dog Winter Count
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