1. How elements become charged
5.5 Atoms & Ions
How elements become charged

2. How elements become charged
ION – A charged atom
All elements on the periodic table are NEUTRAL because they have the same number of
protons (+) and electrons (-)
An ION does NOT have the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-)

3. How elements become charged
METALS:
have less than four valence e-
Easier to LOSE electrons
LOSING e- makes ion POSTIVE +1
1e-
11 p
12 n 1
11 p
12 n Na
8e- 8 Na
2e- 2

4. How elements become charged
NON - METALS:
have more than four valence e-
Easier to GAIN electrons
GAINING e- makes ion NEGATIVE -2
2 e-
8 p
8 n
8 p
8 n O 6 O 8 2 2

5. Naming Ions Cations – ions with a positive charge
Name is same as the element
Ex. Na+ is called sodium ion
Anions – ions with a negative charge
To name add “ide” to stem of name
Ex. O2- is called oxide ion
Ex. S2- is called sulfide ion

6. Charge Patterns in the Periodic Table
These atoms have predictable charges

7. Charge Patterns in the Periodic Table
Transition metals (middle of Periodic Table) have variable charges.
The behave different depending on the compound they are paired in.

8. Homework
Textbook page 191 #1-5