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The Eight Parts of Speech
For: Mrs. Evans’s Writing Composition Class
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Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex. Person- girl
Ex. Place- home Ex. Thing- dog Ex. Idea- hatred
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Types of Nouns Singular- a noun that is one in number. Example: cat
Plural- a noun that is more than one. Example: cats Common- a noun that does not represent a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Example: school Proper- a noun that represents a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Example: North Laurel High School (starts with caps.)
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Rest of the Noun Types Abstract: This is a noun that is an idea noun. It cannot be seen or touched. Example: justice Concrete: This is a noun that can be seen or touched. Example: house Compound: This is two or more nouns put together to make one word. Example: football Adverbal: This is a noun that answers the same questions an adverb answers; however, it acts as a noun. Example: yesterday Collective: This is a noun that represents a group. It is singular usually in nature. Example: herd
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Verb (Also Predicate) A verb is a word that shows action or a state of being. Example of action: jump Example of being: is
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Types of Verbs Action verb: Anything you can do. Example: talk
Being verb (also known as copular and or linking): This verb is any form of the verb be. Is, am, was, were, will be, are… (Be careful because sometimes these can be helping verbs also. Helping verb: This is a verb that comes before the main verb and lets you know when a verb occurred. Example: have written ( the helping verb is have)
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Rest of Types of Verbs Main verb: This is the verb that lets you know what is happening in the sentence. Example: I am jumping on the trampoline. (Jumping is the main verb, and am is the helping verb letting me know when.) Transitive verb: This is an action verb that has an object. Example: I kicked the ball. The object is ball, and the action is kicked. Intransitive verb: This is an action verb without an object. Example: I jumped over the fence.
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Interjection An interjection is a word that shows excitement or surprise. If it is used at the beginning of the sentence, it is followed by a comma or an exclamation point. Example: Ouch, you hurt my toe
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Adjective An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.
It answers: which one- that girl, what kind- pretty girl, how many- several girls They are considered to be descriptors. Don’t forget that the words a, an, and the are also considered adjectives.
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Types of Adjectives Articles: A, an, the. A and an are both nonspecific, and the is considered the specific article. Common: These are the regular adjectives used to describe. Example: The ugly boy bit me. Proper: This type of adjective is made from a proper noun. Example: Mexico becomes Mexican boy Demonstrative: These are this, that, these, and those. This and these are specific, and that and those are non specific and far away.
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Adverbs Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
These are often considered to be intensifiers. Usually end in ly. Answer: where? There when? Lately why? Because, and to what extent? Very, too…
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Prepositions Prepositions show a relationship to other words in the sentence. Think about the mouse and the log. Examples: in, under, at, on, beside… Some weird ones: with, of, for
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Conjunctions Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses.
In a series of three, you must use commas before the conjunctions. Example: We ate apples, bananas, and oranges.
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Types of Conjunctions Coordinating: These are the common conjunctions used to join words, phrases, or clauses. (They are and, or, nor, for, but, yet.) Correlative: These are words that are used to smoothly join two closely related sentences. Example: They studied for their test; therefore, they did well. A semi colon goes before them, and a comma follows.
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Rest of the types of Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions: Begin dependent adverbial clauses, and the clause should be followed by a comma if the subordinating conjunction is at the beginning of the sentence. Example: When you talk, you miss out on instruction.
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Pronoun A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
They have number, gender, and case. Number means they are singular or plural. Gender means they can be feminine (she,) masculine (he,) or neuter (it.) Case: nominative (subject,)-he objective (object,)-him and possessive (shows possession.)-his
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Types of Pronoun Relative- This type of pronoun begins a dependent adjective clause. They are who, whom, whose, which, and that. **Never use that to refer to people. Example: He is the boy who stole the money. Reflexive: This pronoun ends in self or selves. Example: themselves ***Remember there is no such word as theirself or hisself
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Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite- These can be singular, plural, or both depending on how they are used in the sentence. Plural: Both, few, many, several. Singular: each, either, neither, one, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, and everybody. Singular or plural depending on how used: all, any, none, some, and most.
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