1. Detailed beyond your wildest imagination 
Plant Physiology
Detailed beyond your wildest imagination 

2. How’s of plant physiology:
How do plants obtain and regulate water?
How do plants transport sugars from photosynthesis?
How do plants respond to environmental stimuli (hormone function)?
How do plants respond to mechanical stimuli such as light, gravity, touch, drought, flooding, high salt and heat conditions, extreme cold and attacks by herbivores?

3. Transport in plants:

4. Osmoregulation
All three tissue types are found in all the parts of a plant
Dermal = protective cover
Vascular = transports materials
Ground = conducts metabolic functions
Osmosis drives short distance transport of water (have to consider water potential as well)
Water potential takes into account pressure and solute concentration

5. How it works: water movement
Most of the absorption of water occurs in the root system. Root hairs absorb the soil solution (water and minerals) which is drawn into the hydrophilic walls of the cells.
Both aquaporin's and active transport are utilized here to remove water and ions from the soil
Water and minerals move into the xylem and become xylem sap. It gets transported long distances by bulk flow (moves much faster than diffusion and active transport) which can reach speeds of 15 to 45 mph!

6. Water Movement Cont’d
Sometimes xylem sap can reach heights of more than 400 feet! Is it being “pushed” from below or “pulled” from above?
Guttation at night when transpiration is low (from root pressure)
Cohesive and adhesive forces from transpiration helps “pull” water upwards because loss of water vapor from the leaves can reach up to 60 L each growing season
Rate of transpiration is regulated by the stomata
Stomata help increase the surface area
Guard cells control opening and closing of stomata
K+ concentration, CO2 depletion, circadian
rhythms, drought, high temps and wind, water
deficiencies (abscisic acid) all help regulate
the opening and closing of stomata

7. Your task:
Research and explain HOW plants transport sugars that they produce from photosynthesis. USE THE SAME DETAIL THAT WE JUST COVERED WITH WATER TRANSPORT 