1. Chapter 7
Cell Structure

2. Microscopes simple = one lens
Light compound = two lenses and uses light to show the image
electron microscopes show ultrastructure
transmission electron microscope shows internal structures
scanning electron microscope shows surfaces

4. The Scale of the Universe
You can scale up & down yourself

5. Introduction to Cells
This HD dramatic video choreographed to powerful music introduces the viewer/student to the wonder and miracle of cells. It is designed as a motivational "trailer" to be shown by Biology, Biochemistry and Life Science teachers in middle and high school and college as a visual "Introduction" to this amazing microscopic world.
2:54mins

6. The Cell The cell is the basic unit in living things.
Cells come only from reproduction of existing cells.

7. Organelles
An organelle is a structure found in a cell that carries out a specific function.

8. Animal Cells contain the following structures: Cell Membranes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Only the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus can be seen under the light microscope.

9. Ultra Structure of an animal cell

10. Plant Cells Plant cells also contain other organelles: Cell walls
Chloroplasts
Large Vacuoles

11. Ultra structure of a plant cell

12. Vacuoles
Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs found within the cytoplasm of a cell
Plant cells have larger vacuoles
Function:
1. structural support
2. Storage of water, food and chemicals,

13. Cell / Plasma Membrane are made up of phospholipids and proteins.
surrounds the cell
Function: to control the entry and exit of molecules to the cell, some are semi / selectively permeable.
surrounds the cell
function is to control the entry and exit of molecules to the cell

15. Learning Check All cells have a cell membrane.
What are they composed of?
What are its functions?

16. Nucleus
contains chromosomes which are made of DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
elongated, non-dividing chromosomes are called chromatin
Function: to control the cell activities

17. Double Nuclear membrane
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with numerous pores.
Function: to control the entry and exit of molecules into the nucleus

18. Nucleolus
located in the nucleus
Function: makes ribosomes

19. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a clear jelly like fluid that fills the cell
It contains all the organelles suspended within the cell.
It is the medium for all the chemical reactions

20. Mitochondria surrounded by a double membrane
Cells e.g. muscles with lots of mitochondria produce a lot of energy
Function: is to provide energy (respiration)

21. Chloroplasts only in plants Contains green pigment – chlorophyll
Function: carry out photosynthesis

22. Cell wall The cell wall is made of cellulose Function:
gives the cell support, strengthens and prevents the cell from bursting

23. Learning check What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
What type of cells have large vacuoles and cell walls?
What is the function of vacuoles?
What is the function of cell walls?
What makes cells walls rigid?

24. Ribosomes
Contain RNA & protein
Function: to make proteins

25. The Cell: High School Biology
This animation shows the structure and function of plant and animal cells for high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc.
7:21mins

26. Learning Check What are Cells? What are organelles?
Can you name 8 organelles?

27. Prokaryotic cells
do not have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
are small and more primitive
are found as bacteria

28. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and cell organelles
are larger and more advanced
are found as plant and animal cells, fungi and amoeba