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Chapter 7 Cell Structure
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Microscopes simple = one lens
Light compound = two lenses and uses light to show the image electron microscopes show ultrastructure transmission electron microscope shows internal structures scanning electron microscope shows surfaces
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The Scale of the Universe
You can scale up & down yourself
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Introduction to Cells This HD dramatic video choreographed to powerful music introduces the viewer/student to the wonder and miracle of cells. It is designed as a motivational "trailer" to be shown by Biology, Biochemistry and Life Science teachers in middle and high school and college as a visual "Introduction" to this amazing microscopic world. 2:54mins
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The Cell The cell is the basic unit in living things.
Cells come only from reproduction of existing cells.
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Organelles An organelle is a structure found in a cell that carries out a specific function.
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Animal Cells contain the following structures: Cell Membranes
Mitochondria Nucleus Cytoplasm Only the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus can be seen under the light microscope.
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Ultra Structure of an animal cell
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Plant Cells Plant cells also contain other organelles: Cell walls
Chloroplasts Large Vacuoles
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Ultra structure of a plant cell
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Vacuoles Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs found within the cytoplasm of a cell Plant cells have larger vacuoles Function: 1. structural support 2. Storage of water, food and chemicals,
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Cell / Plasma Membrane are made up of phospholipids and proteins.
surrounds the cell Function: to control the entry and exit of molecules to the cell, some are semi / selectively permeable. surrounds the cell function is to control the entry and exit of molecules to the cell
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Learning Check All cells have a cell membrane.
What are they composed of? What are its functions?
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Nucleus contains chromosomes which are made of DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid elongated, non-dividing chromosomes are called chromatin Function: to control the cell activities
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Double Nuclear membrane
The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with numerous pores. Function: to control the entry and exit of molecules into the nucleus
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Nucleolus located in the nucleus Function: makes ribosomes
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Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a clear jelly like fluid that fills the cell
It contains all the organelles suspended within the cell. It is the medium for all the chemical reactions
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Mitochondria surrounded by a double membrane
Cells e.g. muscles with lots of mitochondria produce a lot of energy Function: is to provide energy (respiration)
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Chloroplasts only in plants Contains green pigment – chlorophyll
Function: carry out photosynthesis
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Cell wall The cell wall is made of cellulose Function:
gives the cell support, strengthens and prevents the cell from bursting
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Learning check What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
What type of cells have large vacuoles and cell walls? What is the function of vacuoles? What is the function of cell walls? What makes cells walls rigid?
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Ribosomes Contain RNA & protein Function: to make proteins
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The Cell: High School Biology
This animation shows the structure and function of plant and animal cells for high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc. 7:21mins
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Learning Check What are Cells? What are organelles?
Can you name 8 organelles?
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles are small and more primitive are found as bacteria
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Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and cell organelles
are larger and more advanced are found as plant and animal cells, fungi and amoeba
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