1. 2017 citywide parking study
Presentation to Council
January 3, 2018

2. 2017 citywide parking study
Parking Advisory Team:
Bill Moseley, Councilor
Barbara Campbell, Councilor
Vincent Mercurio, Planning Commission
Wendy McGrane, Bend Economic Development Advisory Board
Anne E. George | Facilitation,
Mediation + Public Involvement
PAT met 4 times for the project

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Why Do A Citywide Parking Study?
Transportation Planning Rule compliance
Right-sizing parking (Goldilocks theory: not too little, not too much)
Policy language for Transportation Systems Plans update

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Public Engagement
One-on-one interviews
Sounding Board Meetings
Parking Advisory Team
Around a dozen interviews
2 SB meetings
4 PAT meetings

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Transportation Planning Rule
(5) In MPO areas, local governments shall adopt land use and subdivision regulations to reduce reliance on the automobile which:
(c) Implements a parking plan which:
(A) Achieves a 10% reduction in the number of parking spaces per capita in the MPO area over the planning period. This may be accomplished through a combination of restrictions on development of new parking spaces and requirements that existing parking spaces be redeveloped to other uses; OR
Some confusion over what we need to do. Rule allows flexibility

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(d) As an alternative to (c) above, local governments in an MPO may instead revise ordinance requirements for parking as follows:
(A) Reduce minimum off-street parking requirements for all non-residential uses from 1990 levels;
(B) Allow provision of on-street parking, long-term lease parking, and shared parking to meet minimum off-street parking requirements;
(C) Establish off-street parking maximums in appropriate locations, such as downtowns, designated regional or community centers, and transit-oriented developments;
(D) Exempt structured parking and on-street parking from parking maximums;
(E) Require that parking lots over 3 acres in size provide street-like features along major driveways (including curbs, sidewalks, and street trees or planting strips);
(F) Provide for designation of residential parking districts.
We’ve done all except F

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Residential Parking Permit Zones (RPPZ):
Respond to situations where parking from abutting commercial or institutional use extends into residential neighborhoods.
Are generally initiated at the request of residents in areas zoned residential.
Allow parking management through permits and time limits that give preference to residents and their guests.
Typically require the payment of a permit fee.
Are managed by the City (i.e., signing and enforcement).
Will require new policies.
May require changes to Bend’s code.

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Commercial Parking Districts:
Manage on-street parking for the benefit of a discreet commercial area.
Prioritize parking for customers and encourage turn over within that area.
Typically encompass an area of at least 10 block faces.
May be established by an organized Business Association.
Requires the agreement of the majority of business owners in the district.
May be managed by either an Association or by the City.
Will require new policies.
May require changes to Bend’s code.

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Right-sizing Parking: The Goldilocks Theory .
Too much parking can:
Use land that could be developed for economic benefit.
Discourage walking, bicycling, and transit.
Have environmental impacts such as runoff, heat sinks, or unaesthetic appearance.
Increase the cost of housing.
Make some land undevelopable.

10. 2017 citywide parking study
Right-sizing Parking: The Goldilocks Theory
Not enough parking can:
Discourage the use of businesses.
Impact adjacent neighborhoods.
Result in illegal parking behaviors

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Testing Bend’s Actual Parking Use
23 sites:
Office
Industrial
Hotel
Multi-family
Mixed use
Restaurant (TBD 2018)
Counts were done on Wednesday June 24 for all and mixed use was recounted mid August on a Saturday
Office uses were counted over four separate hours targeting their expected peak periods (9 – 11 AM and 1 – 3 PM)
Industrial uses were counted between 3 and 5 times a day depending on their use type (breweries were counted 5 times). Most counts were conducted in the early part of the day 8 – 11 AM, but a few counts were done in the afternoon hours.
Hotels and Multi-Family Residential land uses were only counted once between 2:00 and 4:00 AM – the peak use for each use type.
Mixed use was counted the most frequently (6 times, primarily between 11 AM – 9 PM) because of the diversity of use types present, which could spread out their peak hours.

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Parking Terminology:
Required: The minimum number of required parking spaces set by code.
Demand: How much parking is actually being used.
Built: How much parking has been constructed.

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Right-sizing Parking Conclusions:
Office. Required parking closely matches demand; the built supply exceeds demand.
Industrial. Generally, required and built parking closely match demand. In some areas, demand slightly exceeds built supply.
Hotel. Required and built parking closely match demand.
mainly where uses have become less industrial, such as medical office

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Right-sizing Parking Conclusions:
Multi-family. The required parking matches demand, the built supply slightly exceeds demand.
Mixed Use. Required parking matches demand; the built supply greatly exceeds demand.
No real mixed use in Bend yet, code is new. These were really mixed retail/office use, no residential. Need to retest in 5 years

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Conclusions:
Bend’s parking code minimums are generally “right-sized.”
New parking policies:
To support existing code
To allow parking districts
Will be incorporated into the Bend Transportation System Plan and Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP) Updates.

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All reports and technical documents are available here:

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Questions?