1. PROs and CONs of reproduction
Thursday, March 23
Copy down this chart into your notes:
PROs and CONs of reproduction
Sexual Asexual
Pro: Gives offspring different Pro: Does not need a mate.
traits which will allow Is Faster
survival
Con: Need a mate and takes Con: All the traits are the same a long time which means they may not
all survive if one is affected

2. Get out your notebooks. Make sure your pencil is sharp
Get out your notebooks. Make sure your pencil is sharp. Be ready when the bell rings.

3. March 20
Adaptations

4. Sexual Dimorphism
Differences in the male and female organism of a species so they can improve their chances of reproducing with the strongest partner.
Di=two
Morph=to change
The two genders changed to adapt to their situations in their environments
How does this help them pass on their genes better?

5. Examples of Sexual Dimorphism:

6. Examples of Sexual Dimorphism:
Bird of Paradise
Superb Lyre Bird
Blue Manikin Dancing Bird
Buffalo
Rock, Paper, Scissors Lizard
Jumping Bird
Crocodile
Peacock Spider
Whales

9. Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild?
Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.

10. Think about the way you dress in the winter.
You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a hat and mittens to protect yourself from the weather.
You are adapting to your environment by putting on warmer clothes.

11. And what if you are having a snowball fight?
You probably run away from the person throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak up on that person and throw some snowballs!
When you run away from danger, you are adapting to your environment to save yourself.

12. What is an adaptation?
a change in an animal’s physical structure or behavior that helps an animal to survive in their habitat.
Examples:
The shape of a bird’s beak, number of fingers and toes, or the color of an animal’s fur.

13. Physical Behavioral We can separate adaptations into two categories:
How it acts or what it does
Body shape, looks
Instinctive
Learned

14. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.
are body structures that help an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species.
Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground.
Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment.

15. Camouflage (blending in with surroundings)
Physical adaptations
Camouflage (blending in with surroundings)
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?

16. (looking or sounding like another living organism)
Physical adaptations
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the Monarch!

17. Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptations
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)

18. (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)
Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts
(claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.

19. Physical Adaptation: Flying
Birds have adapted hollow bones to help them be lighter in weight so they can fly.

20. Behavioral Adaptations…
Now let’s learn about
Behavioral Adaptations…
Behavioral Adaptations are changes in how an animal acts to survive and reproduce.

21. Instinctive or Inherited
We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:
Learned or Acquired
Instinctive or Inherited
These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned.
These behaviors must be taught.

22. Instinctive behaviors
happen naturally & don’t need to be learned
Methods of gathering and storing food
Defending against predators
Finding shelter
Raising young
Hibernating
Migration

23. Hibernation
This is deep sleep in which animal’s body temp drops, body activities are slowed to conserve energy.
E.g. Bats, woodchucks & bears.
Hibernation- is a deep sleep in which an animal's body temperature drops to about the temperature of the environment.  Body activities, such as heartbeat and breathing are slowed causing the animal to need very little food. 
Animals that hibernate are 
bats 
woodchucks
snakes 
bears.
During the hibernation the animals live off of the fat that is stored in their body. 

24. Migration Animals migrate for different reasons.
better climate
better food
safe place to live
safe place to raise young
go back to the place they were born.
This is when behavioral adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again. 
Migration-is the behavioral adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again. 
Animals migrate for different reasons.  The reasons are as follows.
better climate
better food
safe place to live
safe place to raise young
go back to the place they were born.

25. Have to be taught, not passed down to the offspring in genes.
Learned behaviors =

26. Grooming
Learned Behaviors
Using tools to get food

27. Seagulls
Learned to drop the clams on the pavement to break open the shells easier…

28. In your notes, list some examples

29. Mammals Endothermic or warm-blooded All have some type of “hair”
Which adaptation is physical? Behavioral?
Endothermic or
warm-blooded
All have some type of “hair”
Some are very specialized, such as white polar bear fur
Method of locomotion
Care for young

30. Birds Leg Length Foot Webbing Beak Shape
Which adaptation is physical? Behavioral?
Leg Length
Roseate Spoonbill (top right)
Foot Webbing
Laughing Gull (top left)
Beak Shape
Long Billed Curlew (bottom)
Hiding eggs in the sand
Distracting predators

31. Amphibians Ectothermic Lay eggs in water
Which adaptation is physical? Behavioral?
Ectothermic
Lay eggs in water
Partially or fully webbed feet
Have lungs or can absorb oxygen through their skin

32. Reptiles Ectothermic or cold- blooded Scales
Which adaptation is physical? Behavioral?
Ectothermic or cold- blooded
Scales
Some undergo hibernation and estivation
Lay eggs on land
Leg structure and position

33. Adaptation Applications: Lions
Why are the eyes of a lion set in front of the head rather than on the sides?
Answer: Eyes in front of the head allow for depth perception and ability to judge distances when hunting.

34. Adaptation Applications: Lions
What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion? What is the reason for the lion’s color?
A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and serves as protection for the throat. The tawny brown coat color camouflages the animal and young among vegetation.

35. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of time without water?
Answer: Giraffes drink water when available, but can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew and the water content of their food.

36. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe
How are their long necks adapted to their lifestyle?
Answer: This extra length is thought to have evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly, giraffes and humans have the same number of vertebrate in their necks.

37. Adaptation Applications: Zebras
How do zebras defend themselves?
Capable of running up to 40 mph. Zebras defend themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also plays a role in evading predators, although theories have not reached an agreement.

38. Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Behavioral Adaptations can be
Instinctive or Learned.

39. The next time you read about an animal in the wild, or when you see one on television, think about its adaptations….
The End