2. CARTILAGE By
Dr Iram Tassaduq

3. CARTILAGE Is a specialized type of connective tissue.
Form part of skeleton where flexibility is required
Does not contain vessels or nerves.

4. COMPONENTS OF CARTILAGE
Consists of cells and extracellular components.
Does not contain vessels or nerves.
Is surrounded by a layer of dense connective tissue, the perichondrium

5. Elastic cartilage Fibrous cartilage TYPES OF CARTILAGE
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrous cartilage

6. FUNCTIONS OF CARTILAGE
Firm consistency of the extracellular matrix allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion
Supports soft tissues.
Shock-absorbing because it is resilient.
Smooth surface allows sliding .
Essential for growth, development of bone.

7. CHARACTERISTICS Chondrocytes Extensive extra- cellular matrix
Located in lacunae
Extensive extra- cellular matrix
Fibers, Collagen, &elastic
Ground substance
Fibers bind together and give firm, flexible properties to tissue

8. CHONDROCYTES Produce and maintain extra cellular matrix.
Either single or in isogenous groups .
Fat droplets, glycogen granules are found in cytoplasm.
Active ones are more basophilic.

9. PERICHONDRIUM Dense CT that covers cartilage
Contains blood, nerve supply, lymphatics.
Source of new cartilage cells
Divided into two layers
Inner cellular
Outer fibrous

10. HYALINE GARTILAGE

11. HYALINE CARTILAGE Fundamental type and most common Occurrence:
Ribs (ventral ends)
Long bones (articular surfaces)
Nose, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi
Fetal skeleton (except membrane bones)

12. CLASSIFICATION OF HYALINE CARTILAGE
Articular
Costal
Epiphyseal

13. HYALINE CARTILAGE Cells embedded in clear matrix
Perichondrium on surface

14. Found at ends of bones,
nose, trachea, larynx
Bluish white color.
Strong, rubbery, flexible tissue.

15. EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX
The matrix near the isogenous groups of chondrocytes is termed territorial matrix or capsule. In H&E stained sections the territorial matrix is more basophilic, i.e. it stains darker.
The remainder of the matrix is called the interterritorial matrix.

16. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Hyaline cartilage of articular surfaces do not posses a perichondrium

17. ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Similar to hyaline cartilage but has elastic fibers running in all directions in addition to collagen.

18. ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Found in auricle of ear, walls of external auditory canals, eustachian tubes, epiglottis, larynx
Maintains shape, deforms but returns to shape; flexibility of organ; strengths and supports structures.

19. ELASTIC CARTILAGE ELASTIN STAIN

20. FIBROCARTILAGE

21. FIBROCARTILAGE
Chondrocytes may lie singly or in pairs, but most often they form short rows between dense bundles of collagen fibres.

22. FIBROCARTILAGE Collagen type I is dominant in fibrous cartilage
is typically found in relation to joints (forming intra-articular disks and menisci) intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis.

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