1. Life Expectancy: USA Average longevity: 78.2 Male longevity: 75.4
Female longevity: 80.7

2. The “Gender Gap” Gender gap: 5.3 years Why?
Estrogen—a molecule that females produce (hormone)
Provides protection against cardiovascular disease
Keeps arteries “clean”

3. Life Expectancy: USA Average longevity: 78.2 Male longevity: 75.4
Female longevity: 80.7
Gender gap: 5.3 years
Average longevity, 1900s: 47 years

4. In 100 years, we have gone from 47 years to 78 years. Why?
Antibiotics
Vaccines

5. Antibiotics: substances that weaken bacterial cell walls New Problems:
Resistant strains
Cost—in order to develop a new drug, it takes 5-7 years and around $800,000
Not cost effective for drug companies

6. Vaccines: a weakened form of a disease which causes your immune system to respond
Dead strain of the disease or a less virulent strain

7. Success of Vaccines in the US

8. Polio: Extremely specific virus that can cause paralysis
President Roosevelt
If diaphragm paralysis occurs, what could happened to the individual?
Treatment: Iron lung
Current treatment: vaccine

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11. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT)
Diphtheria: bacteria that causes breathing difficulty, inflammation around the heart
Enters the body person to person (throat or nose)
Tetanus: Exists as spores in the soil
Enters the body through cuts
Causes Lockjaw (loves the mandible muscle)

12. Pertussis: Whooping cough that can lead brain damage and death if left untreated
Bacteria

13. MMR Measles: rash, causes high fever, can cause permanent brain damage
Mumps: Fever, swollen glands, hearing loss, sterility
Rubella: German measles
Can cause birth defects if mother is pregnant and becomes infected

14. Life Expectancy Around the World (2005-2010)
Japan years
Hong Kong 82.2
Iceland
Switzerland 81.7
Australia
Spain
Sweden
Israel
Macau
France
Canada
Italy
New Zealand 80.2
Norway

15. Singapore
Austria
Netherlands 79.8
Martinique
Greece
Belgium
Malta
United Kingdom 79.4
Germany
US Virgin Islands 79.4
Finland
Guadeloupe 79.2
Channel Islands 79.0

16. Cyprus
Ireland
Costa Rica 78.8
Puerto Rico 78.7
Luxembourg 78.7
United Arab Emirates 78.7
South Korea 78.6
Chile
Denmark
Cuba
United States 78.2
Portugal
Slovenia
Kuwait

17. Barbados
Brunei
Czech Republic 76.5
Reunion
Albania
Uruguay
Mexico
Belize
New Caledonia 76.1

18. Zimbabwe 39.5
Zambia 38.4
Angola 37.6
Swaziland 32.2
Why so short?

19. What do you think accounts for most of the deaths?
What do you think you may die of?