1. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
High energy ~
∆Gº = –14.8 kcal/mol = –61.9 kJ/mol

2. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
Another one
∆Gº = –11.8 kcal/mol = –49.3 kJ/mol

3. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
Another form of high energy.
∆Gº = –10.3 kcal/mol = –43 kJ/mol

4. Phosphate Anhydrides (Pyrophosphates)
ATP
∆Gº = –7.3 kcal/mol = –30.5 kJ/mol

5. Thiol Esters ∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol
Thiol ester - high energy
∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol

6. Thiol Esters Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized
Thiol ester are high energy
Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized

7. “High-Energy” Compounds
Large ∆Gº hydrolysis
Bond strain (electrostatic repulsion) in reactant
ATP
Products stabilized by ionization
Acyl-P
Products stabilized by isomerization
PEP
Products stabilized by resonance
Creatine-P
Contributors

8. “High-Energy” Compounds
“High-energy” compound is one with a ∆Gº below –6 kcal/mol (–25 kJ/mol)
Definition

9. High-Energy Compounds
Table of high-energy compounds

10. Group Transfer Potential
The intermediate step.

11. Adenylates

12. ATP

13. ADP

14. AMP