1. Hydrolysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphatase
∆Gº = –3.3 kcal/mol
= –13.8 kJ/mol

2. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
High energy ~
∆Gº = –14.8 kcal/mol = –61.9 kJ/mol

3. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
Another one
∆Gº = –11.8 kcal/mol = –49.3 kJ/mol

4. High ∆Gº Hydrolysis Compounds
Another form of high energy.
∆Gº = –10.3 kcal/mol = –43 kJ/mol

5. Phosphate Anhydrides (Pyrophosphates)
ATP
∆Gº = –7.3 kcal/mol = –30.5 kJ/mol

6. Thiol Esters ∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol
Thiol ester - high energy
∆Gº = –7.5 kcal/mol = –31.4 kJ/mol

7. Thiol Esters Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized
Thiol ester are high energy
Thiol ester less resonance-stabilized

8. “High-Energy” Compounds
Large ∆Gº hydrolysis
Bond strain (electrostatic repulsion) in reactant
ATP
Products stabilized by ionization
Acyl-P
Products stabilized by isomerization
PEP
Products stabilized by resonance
Creatine-P
Contributors

9. “High-Energy” Compounds
“High-energy” compound is one with a ∆Gº below –6 kcal/mol (–25 kJ/mol)
Definition

10. High-Energy Compounds
Table of high-energy compounds

11. Group Transfer Potential
The intermediate step.

12. Adenylates

13. ATP

14. ADP

15. AMP

16. Glycerol 3-phosphate - a hydroxy ester; low energy

17. Resonance forms

18. A pyrophosphate

19. High-energy phosphates

20. Free energies of hydrolysis of several phosphates

21. Source of energy in an organism versus time of use.

22. ATP supplies energy for the pink and is made by the blue reactions.

23. Most reduced structure has most energy. Oxidation harvests the energy.

24. Fatty acid has lots of calories; glucose has less - already more oxidized.

25. A regular compound energetically

26. Chemiosmotic separation of protons provides the energy for oxidative phosphorylation.

27. Catabolism of polymer to simple unit of acetyl~CoA then complete oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation.

28. Energy charge = [ATP] + 0.5 [ADP]/[ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]
How much is “charged” in the ATP form.

29. ATP

30. Chemical Sense in Metabolism
Lecture 25
Chemical Sense in Metabolism
Chemical sense is important. Biochemicals follow the laws of chemistry.