1. Biology I Chapters 33-34
Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Rotifera

2. Do Now What are the two types of tissues found only in animals?
Nervous tissue
Muscle tissue

3. Do Now What is the function of cilia and flagella?
Movement, trapping and removing materials from the body
What’s the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Sexual: two parents, offspring genetically different from parents
Asexual: one parent, offspring genetically identical to parent

4. Phylum Porifera “Pore bearer” Nonsymmetrical
Lack organization into tissues and organs
Possess cells that are capable of recognizing other sponge cells.
Sessile-attach themselves firmly to a surface and do not move

5. Sponge Structure Collar cells-draw water into the body of a sponge.
Ostia-pores that penetrate the body wall
Osculum-the opening at the top of the sponge through which water leaves

6. Sponge Structure
Spongin-tough, flexible protein fibers that provide support
Spicules-hard spike-like structures in the wall of a sponge.
Sponges obtain food by
filtering small organisms
from the water.

7. Sponge Feeding
Amoebocytes-The cells that move throughout the sponge’s body wall to deliver food to the organism’s cells

8. Sponge Reproduction Sponges can reproduce:
By a breakup of the original parent into fragments that each become a new sponge.
By the budding of new sponges from the parent.(Regeneration)

9. Sponge Reproduction
By producing internal buds called gemmules that can withstand harsh conditions

10. Sponge Reproduction
Sexually, using sperm and eggs.

11. Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, Box Jellies, Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Coral
Radially Symmetric

12. Medusa-bell-shaped; specialized for swimming
Juvenile Sea Anemone Adult Sea Anemone
Many cnidarians have two distinct life stages, the polyp and the medusa.
Medusa-bell-shaped; specialized for swimming
Polyp-vase-shaped; specialized for sessile existence
Juvenile Jellyfish Adult Jellyfish

14. Body Plan Have 2 cell layers: Mesoglea-Jelly layer
Outer layer-Epidermis-Protection
Inner layer-Gastrodermis-Digestion
Mesoglea-Jelly layer

15. Tentacles-flexible
extensions that
surround the mouth

16. Feeding and Defense Cnidocytes
Cnidocytes specialized for defense and capturing prey
Nematocysts-can spear
a cnidarian’s prey.
Jellyfish Sting

17. Hydra Most are sessile as adults.
Portuguese man-of-war-not sessile as adult
The hydra is unique among the hydrozoans because it has no medusa stage.
Hydra
Man-of-War

18. Box Jellies
The cnidocytes of some species can inflict severe pain and even death among humans

19. Box Jellies
Irikuji Syndrome

20. Jellyfish Have both a polyp and medusa stage.
Spend most of their lives as medusa.
Have poisonous nematocysts that can cause severe pain

21. Sea Anemone Spend most of their lives polyp.
Have a symbiotic relationship with the clownfish.
Clownfish Brushing
Science of Brushing

22. Coral Spend most of their lives polyp.
Over thousands of years, these polyps build up large, rocklike formations known as coral reefs

23. Ctenophores “Comb holder” Comb jellyfish
Movement by means of beating cilia
Hermaphrodites
Bioluminescence
Comb Jelly
Crash Course

24. Phylum Platyhelminthes
“Flatworms”
Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry.
First to exhibit cephalization (have anterior end).
Flatworms have no need for circulatory and respiratory systems because their cells are close to the animal’s exterior surface.
Have nervous system.
Flatworms 1
Flatworms 2
Spanish Dancer

25. Planarians Food is ingested through a muscular tube called the pharynx
Cerebral ganglia-two clusters of nerve cells serve as a simple brain.
Eyespot-sense the intensity and direction of light; located near the cerebral ganglia
Planarians can reproduce asexually by fission.
Planaria

26. Flukes
Parasitic
Endoparasites-live in blood, intestines, lungs, liver or other organs
Ectoparasites-live on the external surface of aquatic hosts, such as fish and frogs.

28. Tapeworm They can infect a person who eats undercooked food.
They can grow to be large in human intestines.
They do not have a digestive system.

29. Tapeworm Tapeworm Removal
Tapeworms attach to their hosts by the scolex.

30. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Pseudocoelom-a hollow, fluid-filled cavity that is not a true coelom.
2 opening digestive tract: mouth and anus

31. Ascaris
Live in the intestines of pigs, horses, and humans.

32. Hookworms
Feed on host’s blood-can cause anemia.
Face Hookworms

33. Trichinella
Trichinosis-causes muscle pain and stiffness and can lead to death if large numbers of cysts form in the heart muscle.

34. Pinworm

35. Rotifera
Cloaca-a common chamber into which the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems empty